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Line 37: − − In October of 1983<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_3207000/3207509.stm 1983: US troops invade Grenada.]</ref>, US forces invaded Grenada in Operation Urgent Fury. − {{cquote|'''Grenada, we were told, was a friendly island paradise for tourism. ''Well, it wasn't.'' It was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-[[Cuba|Cuban]] colony, being readied as a major military bastion to export terror and undermine democracy. We got there just in time. <small>-- [[Ronald Wilson Reagan|President Ronald Reagan]]</small>'''}} − + Line 54:
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Line 66: − − ===Principal Government Officials=== − *Head of State--Queen Elizabeth II − *Governor General--Carlyle Arnold Glean − *Prime Minister--Tillman Thomas − *Minister of Foreign Affairs--Peter David − *Ambassador to the United Nations--Angus Friday Line 91:
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updated officials, history update
|name =Grenada
|name =Grenada
|map =
|map =
|flag =
|flag =Flag of Grenada.png
|arms =
|arms =CoA of Grenada.png
|capital =St. George's
|capital =St. George's
|capital-raw =
|capital-raw =
|government-raw =
|government-raw =
|language =English
|language =English
|king =
|king =Charles III
|queen =Queen Elizabeth II
|queen =
|monarch-raw =
|monarch-raw =
|governor general=Carlyle Arnold Glean
|governor general=Cécile La Grenade
|governor general-raw=
|governor general-raw=
|president =
|president =
|chancellor =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =Keith Mitchell
|pm =Dickon Mitchell
|pm-raw =
|pm-raw =
|chairman =
|chairman =
|premier-raw =
|premier-raw =
|area =133 sq. mi.
|area =133 sq. mi.
|pop =108,148
|pop =112,500 (2020)
|pop-basis =2006
|pop-basis =
|gdp =$408.1 million
|gdp =$408.1 million
|gdp-year =2006
|gdp-year =2006
}}
}}
'''Grenada''' is an [[island]] [[nation]] in the southeastern [[Caribbean Sea]]. Located north of [[Trinidad and Tobago]], it is the second-smallest independent country in the [[Western Hemisphere]]. It was a British colony until 1974.
'''Grenada''' is an [[island]] [[nation]] in the southeastern [[Caribbean Sea]]. Located north of [[Trinidad and Tobago]], it is the second-smallest independent country in the [[Western Hemisphere]]. It was a British colony until 1974.
==Geography==
==Geography==
*Area: 344 sq. km. (133 sq. mi.); about twice the size of Washington, DC.
*Area: 344 km<sup>2</sup>. (133 sq. mi.); about twice the size of Washington, DC.
*Cities: Capital: St. George's (est. pop. 33,734).
*Cities: Capital: St. George's (est. pop. 33,734).
*Terrain: Three volcanic islands (Grenada and the smaller islands of Carriacou and Petit Martinique) with a mountainous rainforest on the largest island of Grenada.
*Terrain: Three volcanic islands (Grenada and the smaller islands of Carriacou and Petit Martinique) with a mountainous rainforest on the largest island of Grenada.
*Religions: Roman Catholic, various Protestant denominations, Islam, Rastafarianism.
*Religions: Roman Catholic, various Protestant denominations, Islam, Rastafarianism.
*Languages: English (official).
*Languages: English (official).
*Education: Years compulsory--10 grades or age 16. Literacy--95% of adult population.
*Education: Years compulsory—10 grades or age 16. Literacy—95% of adult population.
*Health (2005): Infant mortality rate--16/1,000. Life expectancy--men 63.1 years; women 66.7 years.
*Health (2005): Infant mortality rate—16/1,000. Life expectancy—men 63.1 years; women 66.7 years.
*Work force (2006): 48,000.
*Work force (2006): 48,000.
*Unemployment (2005): 18%.
*Unemployment (2005): 18%.
The 800 members of the Royal Grenada Police Force (RGPF), which includes an 80-member paramilitary special services unit (SSU) and a 30-member coast guard, maintain security in Grenada. The U.S. provides periodic training and material support for the SSU, the coast guard, and other units of the police as needed. The Departments of State and Treasury provide support to the Financial Investigative Unit (FIU).
The 800 members of the Royal Grenada Police Force (RGPF), which includes an 80-member paramilitary special services unit (SSU) and a 30-member coast guard, maintain security in Grenada. The U.S. provides periodic training and material support for the SSU, the coast guard, and other units of the police as needed. The Departments of State and Treasury provide support to the Financial Investigative Unit (FIU).
===Foreign Relations===
===Foreign Relations===
*Services: Tourism and education.
*Services: Tourism and education.
*Construction: Housing development and tourism renovations.
*Construction: Housing development and tourism renovations.
*Trade (2005): Exports--$39 million (merchandise) and $126 (commercial services). Major markets--European Union (39.4%), United States (23.3%), Saint Lucia (6.3%), Saint Kitts and Nevis (5.2%), and Barbados (4.6%). Imports--$319 million (merchandise) and $93 million (commercial services). Major suppliers--United States (42.6%), Trinidad and Tobago (18.9%), European Union (12.2%), Japan (4.9%), and Barbados (3.3%).
*Trade (2005): Exports--$39 million (merchandise) and $126 (commercial services). Major markets—European Union (39.4%), United States (23.3%), Saint Lucia (6.3%), Saint Kitts and Nevis (5.2%), and Barbados (4.6%). Imports--$319 million (merchandise) and $93 million (commercial services). Major suppliers—United States (42.6%), Trinidad and Tobago (18.9%), European Union (12.2%), Japan (4.9%), and Barbados (3.3%).
*Official exchange rate: EC$2.70 = U.S. $1.
*Official exchange rate: EC$2.70 = U.S. $1.
*Total debt outstanding and disbursed (2005): $437 million.
*Total debt outstanding and disbursed (2005): $437 million.
After obtaining independence, Grenada adopted a modified Westminster parliamentary system based on the British model, with a governor general appointed by and representing the British monarch (head of state) and a prime minister who is both leader of the majority party and the head of government. Sir Eric Gairy was Grenada's first Prime Minister.
After obtaining independence, Grenada adopted a modified Westminster parliamentary system based on the British model, with a governor general appointed by and representing the British monarch (head of state) and a prime minister who is both leader of the majority party and the head of government. Sir Eric Gairy was Grenada's first Prime Minister.
On March 13, 1979, the New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation Movement (New Jewel Movement--NJM), ousted Gairy in a coup and established a People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) headed by Maurice Bishop, who became Prime Minister. His Marxist-Leninist government established close ties with Cuba, the Soviet Union, and other communist bloc countries.
On March 13, 1979, the New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation Movement (New Jewel Movement—NJM), ousted Gairy in a coup and established a People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) headed by Maurice Bishop, who became Prime Minister. His Marxist–Leninist government established close ties with Cuba, the Soviet Union, and other communist bloc countries.
In October 1983, a power struggle within the government resulted in the arrest and execution of Bishop and several members of his cabinet and the killing of dozens of his supporters by elements of the People's Revolutionary Army (PRA).
In October 1983, a power struggle within the government resulted in the arrest and execution of Bishop and several members of his cabinet and the killing of dozens of his supporters by elements of the People's Revolutionary Army (PRA).
A U.S.-Caribbean force landed on Grenada on October 25, 1983, in response to an appeal from the Governor General and to a request for assistance from Barbados and other Eastern Caribbean states. U.S. citizens were evacuated, and order was restored.
A U.S.-Caribbean force landed on Grenada on October 25, 1983, in response to an appeal from the Governor General and to a request for assistance from Barbados and other Eastern Caribbean states. U.S. citizens were evacuated, and order was restored
<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_3207000/3207509.stm 1983: US troops invade Grenada.]</ref>. US forces invaded Grenada in Operation Urgent Fury.
{{cquote|'''Grenada, we were told, was a friendly island paradise for tourism. ''Well, it wasn't.'' It was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-[[Cuba]]n colony, being readied as a major military bastion to export terror and undermine democracy. We got there just in time. <small>-- [[Ronald Wilson Reagan|President Ronald Reagan]]</small>'''}}
An advisory council named by the Governor General administered the country until general elections were held in December 1984. The New National Party (NNP) led by Herbert Blaize won 14 out of 15 seats in free and fair elections and formed a democratic government. Grenada's constitution had been suspended in 1979 by the PRG, but it was restored after the 1984 elections.
An advisory council named by the Governor General administered the country until general elections were held in December 1984. The New National Party (NNP) led by Herbert Blaize won 14 out of 15 seats in free and fair elections and formed a democratic government. Grenada's constitution had been suspended in 1979 by the PRG, but it was restored after the 1984 elections.
Keith Mitchell lost his bid to win an unprecedented fourth term in the July 2008 election. While he won his own seat by a huge margin, only three other NNP candidates were voted in in a very close election. Tillman Thomas led his NDC cohort to an 11 to 4 victory over their longtime rivals. Mitchell is now the leader of the official opposition.
Keith Mitchell lost his bid to win an unprecedented fourth term in the July 2008 election. While he won his own seat by a huge margin, only three other NNP candidates were voted in in a very close election. Tillman Thomas led his NDC cohort to an 11 to 4 victory over their longtime rivals. Mitchell is now the leader of the official opposition.
==See Also==
*[[Mexican and Caribbean Christianity | Caribbean Christianity]]
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
==External Links==
==External links==
*[http://www.grenadagrenadines.com/index2.html Grenada Tourism Information]
*[http://www.grenadagrenadines.com/index2.html Grenada Tourism Information]
*[http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_159.shtml Grenada, 1983: Operation "Urgent Fury"]
*[http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_159.shtml Grenada, 1983: Operation "Urgent Fury"]
|}
|}
[[Category: Caribbean Countries]]
[[Category:Caribbean Countries]]
[[Category: United States History]]
[[Category:United States History]]
[[Category: Reagan Era]]
[[Category:Reagan Era]]
[[Category:Micronations]]
[[Category:Christian-Majority Countries]]
[[Category:Caribbean Islands]]