Changes

The '''Arab Spring''' beginning in 2011 was largely an anti-[[Western civilization]], anti-[[Zionist]] movement orchestrated by the [[Obama administration]] to topple [[secular]] regimes in the [[Arab]] world. As a journalistic euphemism, it was intended to evoke reminiscences of the 1968 [[Prague Spring]], or a peaceful demonstration against [[authoritarian]] rulers to bring about "socialism with a human face."

The '''Arab Spring''' beginning in 2011 was largely an anti-[[Western civilization]], anti-[[Zionist]] movement orchestrated by the [[Obama administration]] to topple [[secular]] regimes in the [[Arab]] world. As a journalistic euphemism, it was intended to evoke reminiscences of the 1968 [[Prague Spring]], or a peaceful demonstration against [[authoritarian]] rulers to bring about "socialism with a human face."

==Background==

==Background==

The policies of US President [[Barack Hussein Obama]] with regard to the Arab Spring seemed to be in the interest of Muslim [[theocracy]], unlike previous [[President of the United States of America|American Presidents]] who have favored governments which are secular and pro-[[Israel]].  In August 2010, Obama issued Presidential Study Directive 11<ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jun/3/inside-the-ring-muslim-brotherhood-has-obamas-secr/ Obama secretly backing Muslim Brotherhood]</ref> which directed his advisers to "manage these risks by demonstrating to the people of the Middle East and North Africa the gradual but real prospect of greater political openness and improved governance".  As noted by the Washington Post, just six months later large protests began<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/04/AR2011030404614.html Obama's low-key strategy for the Middle East]</ref> that later turned into a regional outbreak of violence.

The policies of US President [[Barack Hussein Obama]] with regard to the Arab Spring seemed to be in the interest of Muslim [[theocracy]], unlike previous [[President of the United States of America|American Presidents]] who have favored governments which are secular and pro-[[Israel]].  In August 2010, Obama issued Presidential Study Directive 11<ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jun/3/inside-the-ring-muslim-brotherhood-has-obamas-secr/ Obama secretly backing Muslim Brotherhood]</ref> which directed his advisers to "manage these risks by demonstrating to the people of the Middle East and North Africa the gradual but real prospect of greater political openness and improved governance".  As noted by the Washington Post, just six months later large protests began<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/04/AR2011030404614.html Obama's low-key strategy for the Middle East]</ref> that later turned into a regional outbreak of violence.

==Egypt==

==Egypt==

Knowing Gaddafi's days were numbered due to advanced age, Jalil and Younis were seeking to preserve the power they emassed, as heads of Gaddafi's law enforcement ministries, by deposing Gaddafi prematurely using rival tribes internally and outside help from a coalition Hillary Clinton put together of jihadis and NATO. Younis, who made many enemies as Gaddafi's top cop, eventually was murdered by Islamists in the TNC.

Knowing Gaddafi's days were numbered due to advanced age, Jalil and Younis were seeking to preserve the power they emassed, as heads of Gaddafi's law enforcement ministries, by deposing Gaddafi prematurely using rival tribes internally and outside help from a coalition Hillary Clinton put together of jihadis and NATO. Younis, who made many enemies as Gaddafi's top cop, eventually was murdered by Islamists in the TNC.

On March 27, 2011 an intelligence brief sent to Hillary by [[Sidney Blumenthal]] contains clear evidence of [[war crimes]] on the part of US-backed rebels. Citing a rebel commander source “speaking in strict confidence” Blumenthal reports:<ref>https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/110327-new-intel-State-Dept.pdf</ref>

On March 27, 2011 an intelligence brief sent to Hillary by [[Sidney Blumenthal]] contains clear evidence of [[war crimes]] on the part of US-backed rebels. Citing a rebel commander source “speaking in strict [[confidence]]” Blumenthal reports:<ref>https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/110327-new-intel-State-Dept.pdf</ref>

[[File:Hillary email.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Secretary of State Clinton was informed her jihadis used summary executions of Gaddafi forces, many who were predominantly black African.]]

[[File:Hillary email.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Secretary of State Clinton was informed her jihadis used summary executions of Gaddafi forces, many who were predominantly black African.]]

{{Quotebox|Under attack from allied Air and Naval forces, the Libyan Army troops have begun to desert to the rebel side in increasing numbers. The rebels are making an effort to greet these troops as fellow Libyans, in an effort to encourage additional defections.<br>

{{Quotebox|Under attack from allied Air and Naval forces, the Libyan Army troops have begun to desert to the rebel side in increasing numbers. The rebels are making an effort to greet these troops as fellow Libyans, in an effort to encourage additional defections.<br>

(Source Comment: Speaking in strict confidence, one rebel commander stated that his troops continue to summarily execute all foreign mercenaries captured in the fighting…).}}

(Source Comment: Speaking in strict [[confidence]], one rebel commander stated that his troops continue to summarily execute all foreign mercenaries captured in the fighting…).}}

Extra-judicial killings are conventionally called “death squads."<!--On March 29 Hillary Clinton traveled to London for a conference on Libya, where Clinton is a '''driving force behind the creation of a Contact Group comprising 20-plus countries to coordinate efforts to "protect civilians" and plan for a post-Gaddafi Libya.''' She is instrumental in setting up a rotating chair system to ensure regional buy-in.-->

Extra-judicial killings are conventionally called “death squads."<!--On March 29 Hillary Clinton traveled to London for a conference on Libya, where Clinton is a '''driving force behind the creation of a Contact Group comprising 20-plus countries to coordinate efforts to "protect civilians" and plan for a post-Gaddafi Libya.''' She is instrumental in setting up a rotating chair system to ensure regional buy-in.-->

===Operation Zero Footprint===

===Operation Zero Footprint===

By law, a covert action requires a Presidential finding. The first Presidential covert action finding Obama issued in support of Muslim jihadis occurred in the early weeks of March 2011. [[Reuters]] reported that, {{Quotebox|"President Barack '''Obama has signed a secret order authorizing covert U.S. government support for rebel forces''' seeking to oust Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi...Obama signed the order, known as a presidential "finding", within the last two or three weeks"<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-usa-order-idustre72t6h220110331</ref>}} Another ''Reuters'' article noted Obama had CIA personal on the ground ''before'' signing the finding. Adm. Mike Mullen estimated there were about 1,000 rebel jihadis in number.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-usa-rebels-idUSTRE72U7NM20110331</ref> According to a US State Dept. report with this time, the [[Islamic State of Iraq]] claimed responsibility for 23 attacks south of [[Baghdad]], all allegedly carried out under [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]'s command.<ref>https://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/266629.htm</ref><!--No other source in English has been found yet to corroborate the State Dept. assertion.-->

By law, a covert action requires a [[Presidential finding]]. The first Presidential covert action finding Obama issued in support of Muslim jihadis occurred in the early weeks of March 2011. [[Reuters]] reported that, {{Quotebox|"President Barack '''Obama has signed a secret order authorizing covert U.S. government support for rebel forces''' seeking to oust Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi...Obama signed the order, known as a presidential "finding", within the last two or three weeks"<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-usa-order-idustre72t6h220110331</ref>}} Another ''Reuters'' article noted Obama had CIA personal on the ground ''before'' signing the finding. Adm. Mike Mullen estimated there were about 1,000 rebel jihadis in number.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-usa-rebels-idUSTRE72U7NM20110331</ref> According to a US State Dept. report with this time, the [[Islamic State of Iraq]] claimed responsibility for 23 attacks south of [[Baghdad]], all allegedly carried out under [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]'s command.<ref>https://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/266629.htm</ref><!--No other source in English has been found yet to corroborate the State Dept. assertion.-->

By March 2, 2011, reports arrive by experts identifying weaponry recovered in Gaddafi's Katiba, Benghazi compound. Most equipment is 1970s-80s [[Soviet]] equipment, still effective and operational. Some equipment designs date back to World War II. Chinese equipment also is found. A ''Wired'' magazine article specifically states, "Most of the weaponry at the Katiba has been removed and handed over to the army," although the Benghazi rebels and TNC had not yet, nor ever were sufficiently organized into an "army." ''Wired'' reported, "everything had to be stripped, scrubbed, and reassembled before testing." Much anti-aircraft equipment was confiscated.  

By March 2, 2011, reports arrive by experts identifying weaponry recovered in Gaddafi's Katiba, Benghazi compound. Most equipment is 1970s-80s [[Soviet]] equipment, still effective and operational. Some equipment designs date back to World War II. Chinese equipment also is found. A ''Wired'' magazine article specifically states, "Most of the weaponry at the Katiba has been removed and handed over to the army," although the Benghazi rebels and TNC had not yet, nor ever were sufficiently organized into an "army." ''Wired'' reported, "everything had to be stripped, scrubbed, and reassembled before testing." Much anti-aircraft equipment was confiscated.  

On March 20, 2011, NATO's Supreme Allied Commander James Stavridis told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, days before President Obama publicly disclosed his decision to intervene, that US the intelligence community knew of [[al Qaeda]] and [[Hezbollah]] elements among the rebels.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8414583/Libya-al-Qaeda-among-Libya-rebels-Nato-chief-fears.html]</ref><ref>Appearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee, Stavridis was asked by Republican Sen. James Inhofe to comment on "reports about the presence of al Qaeda among the rebels, among those with whom we are associated." "As you can imagine, we are examining very closely the content, composition, the personalities, who are the leaders in these opposition forces," Stavridis responded. "The intelligence that I am receiving at this point makes me feel that the leadership I am seeing are responsible men and women who are struggling against Colonel Gadhafi. We have seen flickers in the intelligence of potential al Qaeda, Hezbollah, we've seen different things, but at this point I don't have detail sufficient to say that there is a significant al Qaeda presence or any other terrorist presence in and among these folks. We'll continue to look at that very closely. It's part of doing due diligence as we move forward on any kind of relationship." http://cdrsalamander.blogspot.com/2011/03/saceur-j2-please-call-your-office.html</ref> Two days later a leaked email from Stravidis email to David Manners, business partner of  Marc Turi who resigned as a congressional staffer to Sen. [[John McCain]] weeks earlier, discussed illegal weapons supply to the TNC ''per'' a Hillary Clinton State Department authorization.<ref>https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/2015/09/11/exclusive-new-emails-in-benghazi-weapons-mystery.html</ref><ref>http://www.captainsjournal.com/2015/09/14/the-weapons-of-benghazi/</ref> Under the code name “Zero Footprint” Marc Turi drew up the original plan to coordinate the flow of weapons from the US  through the intermediary of Qatar into Libya.  Those weapons ended up in Libya and Syria destined for the hands of group that later called itself the [[Islamic State]].<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2016/10/11/the-secrets-behind-the-wire-marc-turi-speaks-out-about-hillary-clintons-covert-weapons-shipments/</ref>

On March 20, 2011, NATO's Supreme Allied Commander [[James Stavridis]] told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, days before President Obama publicly disclosed his decision to intervene, that US the intelligence community knew of [[al Qaeda]] and [[Hezbollah]] elements among the rebels.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8414583/Libya-al-Qaeda-among-Libya-rebels-Nato-chief-fears.html]</ref><ref>Appearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee, Stavridis was asked by Republican Sen. James Inhofe to comment on "reports about the presence of al Qaeda among the rebels, among those with whom we are associated." "As you can imagine, we are examining very closely the content, composition, the personalities, who are the leaders in these opposition forces," Stavridis responded. "The intelligence that I am receiving at this point makes me feel that the leadership I am seeing are responsible men and women who are struggling against Colonel Gadhafi. We have seen flickers in the intelligence of potential al Qaeda, Hezbollah, we've seen different things, but at this point I don't have detail sufficient to say that there is a significant al Qaeda presence or any other terrorist presence in and among these folks. We'll continue to look at that very closely. It's part of doing due diligence as we move forward on any kind of relationship." http://cdrsalamander.blogspot.com/2011/03/saceur-j2-please-call-your-office.html</ref> Two days later a leaked email from Stravidis email to David Manners, business partner of  Marc Turi who resigned as a congressional staffer to Sen. [[John McCain]] weeks earlier, discussed illegal weapons supply to the TNC ''per'' a Hillary Clinton State Department authorization.<ref>https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/2015/09/11/exclusive-new-emails-in-benghazi-weapons-mystery.html</ref><ref>http://www.captainsjournal.com/2015/09/14/the-weapons-of-benghazi/</ref> Under the code name “Zero Footprint” Marc Turi drew up the original plan to coordinate the flow of weapons from the US  through the intermediary of Qatar into Libya.  Those weapons ended up in Libya and Syria destined for the hands of group that later called itself the [[Islamic State]].<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2016/10/11/the-secrets-behind-the-wire-marc-turi-speaks-out-about-hillary-clintons-covert-weapons-shipments/</ref>

By March 28, ''AP'' reported on [[Turkey]] taking over operation of  the Benghazi airport.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110618103616/https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/turkey-will-run-benghazi-airport-prime-m</ref> This was the start of a direct flightline to Adana, Turkey where captured Gaddadi regime weapons were delivered to AQI/ISI jihadis, for the purpose of overthrowing the [[Bashar Assad|Assad]] regime. The AQI/ISI eventually changed its name to the [[Islamic State]]. On July 3 NBC reported Turkey gave more aid to the TNC to refurbish Benghazi airport.<ref>https://www.nbcnews.com/id/43626058/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/turkey-recognizes-libya-rebels/#.WQ_p0U5MHMI</ref>

By March 28, ''AP'' reported on [[Turkey]] taking over operation of  the Benghazi airport.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110618103616/https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/turkey-will-run-benghazi-airport-prime-m</ref> This was the start of a direct flightline to Adana, Turkey where captured Gaddadi regime weapons were delivered to AQI/ISI jihadis, for the purpose of overthrowing the [[Bashar Assad|Assad]] regime. The AQI/ISI eventually changed its name to the [[Islamic State]]. On July 3 NBC reported Turkey gave more aid to the TNC to refurbish Benghazi airport.<ref>https://www.nbcnews.com/id/43626058/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/turkey-recognizes-libya-rebels/#.WQ_p0U5MHMI</ref>

Gaddafi had been a notorious state sponsor of terror for more than three decades prior to 2003, at which point he aquieced and complied with Western wishes, renouncing terrorism, paying [[reparations]] to victims, gave up his WMD, and joined the United States in its global [[war on terror]]. More accurately, the United States joined Gaddafi in his war on the radical Islamic terrorists. As a [[secular]] leader, Gaddafi had been battling the Muslim Brotherhood for decades. The Libyan Islamic Fighting Group was an Islamist group the United Kingdom began supporting in 1995 to overthrow Gaddafi. Many were veterans of the [[Soviet-Afghan jihad]], and fought the United States during the [[Iraq insurgency]] of 2004–11.

Gaddafi had been a notorious state sponsor of terror for more than three decades prior to 2003, at which point he aquieced and complied with Western wishes, renouncing terrorism, paying [[reparations]] to victims, gave up his WMD, and joined the United States in its global [[war on terror]]. More accurately, the United States joined Gaddafi in his war on the radical Islamic terrorists. As a [[secular]] leader, Gaddafi had been battling the Muslim Brotherhood for decades. The Libyan Islamic Fighting Group was an Islamist group the United Kingdom began supporting in 1995 to overthrow Gaddafi. Many were veterans of the [[Soviet-Afghan jihad]], and fought the United States during the [[Iraq insurgency]] of 2004–11.

During the period of alliance with Gaddafi in the war on terror (2003–2011), Gaddafi used his oil wealth to purchase the most advanced internet communications surveillance and counter-intelligence technology the West had to offer. His prisons, from which the CIA operated a rendition and torture program, were control centers equipped with the most advanced electronic mass surveillance system throughout North Africa and the Middle East. Arrests could be made within hours after reading an email, monitoring a [[Skype]] transmission or [[Youtube]] upload, or listening to a phone conversation. The arrestee would be brought to the prison for interrogation. This system functioned in conjunction with multinational technology giants and intelligence sharing agreements with the US [[intelligence community]].  

During the period of alliance with Gaddafi in the war on terror (2003–2011), Gaddafi used his oil wealth to purchase the most advanced internet communications surveillance and counter-intelligence technology the West had to offer. His prisons, from which the CIA operated a rendition and torture program, were control centers equipped with the most advanced electronic mass surveillance system throughout North Africa and the Middle East. Arrests could be made within hours after reading an email, monitoring a [[Skype]] transmission or [[YouTube]] upload, or listening to a phone conversation. The arrestee would be brought to the prison for interrogation. This system functioned in conjunction with multinational technology giants and [[intelligence sharing]] agreements with the US [[intelligence community]].  

In addition, Gaddafi purchased internet survellience technology from [[China]] used for population control. The relationship Gaddafi had with the US IC allowed for the real life design and testing of state-of-the-art mass surveillance technology of social media. In 2011 the Pentagon declared the internet a "domain of war,"<ref>https://thehill.com/policy/technology/171531-pentagon-declares-the-internet-a-domain-of-war</ref> alongside air, land, sea, and space, and began recruiting and training for Information War Specialists, or Cyberwarfare Specialists, assigned to the [[Air Force]].

In addition, Gaddafi purchased internet surveillance technology from [[China]] used for population control. The relationship Gaddafi had with the US IC allowed for the real life design and testing of state-of-the-art mass surveillance technology of social media. In 2011 the Pentagon declared the internet a "domain of war,"<ref>https://thehill.com/policy/technology/171531-pentagon-declares-the-internet-a-domain-of-war</ref> alongside air, land, sea, and space, and began recruiting and training for Information War Specialists, or Cyberwarfare Specialists, assigned to the [[Air Force]].

On October 3, 2011, the [[Obama administration]] secretly changed longstanding policy. The change created a “loophole” that Sen. [[Ron Wyden]] of the Intelligence Committee later says '''allows the NSA to conduct “backdoor searches,” or “incidental collection,” of US citizens’''' domestic communications.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/09/nsa-loophole-warrantless-searches-email-calls</ref> On December 27, 2012, Democratic Sens. Ron Wyden and Mark Udall warn the public of the “back-door search loophole” or "incidental" collection of innocent Americans. Udall says,

On October 3, 2011, the [[Obama administration]] secretly changed longstanding policy. The change created a “loophole” that Sen. [[Ron Wyden]] of the Intelligence Committee later says '''allows the NSA to conduct “backdoor searches,” or “incidental collection,” of US citizens’''' domestic communications.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/09/nsa-loophole-warrantless-searches-email-calls</ref> On December 27, 2012, Democratic Sens. Ron Wyden and Mark Udall warn the public of the “back-door search loophole” or "incidental" collection of innocent Americans. Udall says,

On August 7 CBS News publicly announced confirmation of Attkisson’s computer intrusions.  

On August 7 CBS News publicly announced confirmation of Attkisson’s computer intrusions.  

{{Quotebox|“Attkisson’s computer was accessed by an unauthorized, external, unknown party on multiple occasions late in 2012…This party also used sophisticated methods to remove all possible indications of unauthorized activity, and alter system times to cause further confusion."<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-news-confirms-sharyl-attkissons-computer-hacked/</ref>}}

{{Quotebox-float|“Attkisson’s computer was accessed by an unauthorized, external, unknown party on multiple occasions late in 2012…This party also used sophisticated methods to remove all possible indications of unauthorized activity, and alter system times to cause further confusion."<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-news-confirms-sharyl-attkissons-computer-hacked/</ref>}}

It’s getting to the point you don’t have to have done anything wrong. You simply have to eventually fall under suspicion from somebody, even by a wrong call, and then they can use the system to go back in time and scrutinize every decision you have ever made.”}}

It’s getting to the point you don’t have to have done anything wrong. You simply have to eventually fall under suspicion from somebody, even by a wrong call, and then they can use the system to go back in time and scrutinize every decision you have ever made.”}}

Training materials provided by Snowden for XKeyscore propgram detailed how analysts use it and other systems to mine enormous NSA databases by filling in a simple on-screen form giving only a broad justification for the search. The request is not reviewed by a court or any NSA personnel before it is processed. The program covers "nearly everything a typical user does on the internet", including the content of emails, websites visited and searches, as well as their metadata. Under US law, the NSA is required to obtain an individualized [[FISA]] warrant only if the target of their surveillance is a 'US person',<ref>[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2020/03/08/doj-political-surveillance-from-the-irs-in-2011-to-the-fisa-court-in-2016/ DOJ Political Surveillance – From the IRS in 2011 to the FISA Court in 2016], Posted on March 8, 2020 by sundance. theconservativetreehouse.com </ref> though no such warrant is required for intercepting the communications of Americans with foreign targets. But '''XKeyscore provides''' the technological capability, if not '''the legal authority, to target even US persons''' for extensive electronic surveillance '''without a warrant as long as''' some identifying information, such as '''an email or IP address, is known.'''  

Training materials provided by Snowden for XKeyscore program detailed how analysts use it and other systems to mine enormous NSA databases by filling in a simple on-screen form giving only a broad justification for the search. The request is not reviewed by a court or any NSA personnel before it is processed. The program covers "nearly everything a typical user does on the internet", including the content of emails, websites visited and searches, as well as their metadata. Under US law, the NSA is required to obtain an individualized [[FISA]] warrant only if the target of their surveillance is a 'US person',<ref>[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2020/03/08/doj-political-surveillance-from-the-irs-in-2011-to-the-fisa-court-in-2016/ DOJ Political Surveillance – From the IRS in 2011 to the FISA Court in 2016], Posted on March 8, 2020 by Sundance. theconservativetreehouse.com </ref> though no such warrant is required for intercepting the communications of Americans with foreign targets. But '''XKeyscore provides''' the technological capability, if not '''the legal authority, to target even US persons''' for extensive electronic surveillance '''without a warrant as long as''' some identifying information, such as '''an email or IP address, is known.'''  

NSA analysts, using the XKeyscore program, can search through enormous databases of emails, online chats, and browsing histories of targets.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/31/nsa-top-secret-program-online-data</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/jul/31/nsa-xkeyscore-program-full-presentation</ref>

NSA analysts, using the XKeyscore program, can search through enormous databases of emails, online chats, and browsing histories of targets.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/31/nsa-top-secret-program-online-data</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/jul/31/nsa-xkeyscore-program-full-presentation</ref>

On June 16 Snowden revealed intelligence sharing with Britain's GCHQ (its intelligence agency) intercepting phone and internet communications of foreign politicians who attended two G-20 meetings in London in 2009.

On June 16 Snowden revealed [[intelligence sharing]] with Britain's GCHQ (its intelligence agency) intercepting phone and internet communications of foreign politicians who attended two G-20 meetings in London in 2009.

Snowden leaked top-secret procedure steps the NSA must take to target and collect data from "non-US persons" and how it must minimize, or mask the identity of data collected on US citizens.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/20/fisa-court-nsa-without-warrant</ref>

Snowden leaked top-secret procedure steps the NSA must take to target and collect data from "non-US persons" and how it must minimize, or mask the identity of data collected on US citizens.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/20/fisa-court-nsa-without-warrant</ref>

On August 29, 2014, the Project on Government Oversight sent a letter to Obama and members of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board to voice concerns over Executive Order 12333, the primary authority under which the NSA gathers foreign intelligence. Unlike a [[FISA]] warrant, the Executive Order provides the government with the latitude to conduct sweeping surveillance on US and non-US persons without judicial review as long as the monitoring is necessary to protect US interests from "foreign security threats," an umbrella term that likely permits the surveillance of any foreign person.<ref>http://www.pogo.org/our-work/letters/2014/pogo-joins-group-letter-EO-12333.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/?referrer=http://circa.com/politics/government/if-proven-true-nunes-surveillance-revelations-raise-concerns-about-civil-liberties</ref>

On August 29, 2014, the Project on Government Oversight sent a letter to Obama and members of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board to voice concerns over Executive Order 12333, the primary authority under which the NSA gathers foreign intelligence. Unlike a [[FISA]] warrant, the Executive Order provides the government with the latitude to conduct sweeping surveillance on US and non-US persons without judicial review as long as the monitoring is necessary to protect US interests from "foreign security threats," an umbrella term that likely permits the surveillance of any foreign person.<ref>http://www.pogo.org/our-work/letters/2014/pogo-joins-group-letter-EO-12333.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/?referrer=http://circa.com/politics/government/if-proven-true-nunes-surveillance-revelations-raise-concerns-about-civil-liberties</ref>

On February 22, 2015, the British Secretive Court rules NSA-UK sharing of bulk metadata before December 2014 was illegal, however, after the Snowden leaks, now that knowledge of the practice is in the public domain, US-UK intelligence metadata sharing is legal.<ref>https://leaksource.wordpress.com/2015/02/22/ipt-rules-nsa-gchq-intel-sharing-illegal-prior-to-december-2014-legal-now-since-its-not-secret-anymore-huh/comment-page-1/</ref> Legal intelligence sharing with foreign agencies is a convenient way for law enforcement in both countries to circumvent constitutional restrictions and obtain information without [[probable cause]] or a search warrant. Under a reciprocal agreement, the US can ask the UK to spy on a US citizen or vice-versa (as in the case of [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Lady Diana Spencer]]) as a national security prerogative. The UK doesn't need a warrant in the US, nor the US in the UK, and a person's [[civil rights]] may be "legally" violated under this loophole. The practice was originated by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in 1938 by [[Executive Order]] allowing British intelligence to [[wiretap]] American citizens that Britain feared were monitoring ships leaving harbor in New York and New Jersey, making them vulnerable to [[U-boat]]s.<ref>Counterintelligence Reader, World War II, Chapter 3, p. 249</ref>

On February 22, 2015, the British Secretive Court rules NSA-UK sharing of bulk metadata before December 2014 was illegal, however, after the Snowden leaks, now that knowledge of the practice is in the public domain, US-UK intelligence metadata sharing is legal.<ref>https://leaksource.wordpress.com/2015/02/22/ipt-rules-nsa-gchq-intel-sharing-illegal-prior-to-december-2014-legal-now-since-its-not-secret-anymore-huh/comment-page-1/</ref> Legal [[intelligence sharing]] with foreign agencies is a convenient way for law enforcement in both countries to circumvent constitutional restrictions and obtain information without [[probable cause]] or a search warrant. Under a reciprocal agreement, the US can ask the UK to spy on a US citizen or vice-versa (as in the case of [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Lady Diana Spencer]]) as a national security prerogative. The UK doesn't need a warrant in the US, nor the US in the UK, and a person's [[civil rights]] may be "legally" violated under this loophole. The practice was originated by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in 1938 by [[Executive Order]] allowing British intelligence to [[wiretap]] American citizens that Britain feared were monitoring ships leaving harbor in New York and New Jersey, making them vulnerable to [[U-boat]]s.<ref>Counterintelligence Reader, World War II, Chapter 3, p. 249</ref>

===John Brennan===

===John Brennan===

On July 30, 2012 ''The Guardian'' reported,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/30/al-qaida-rebels-battle-syria</ref>

On July 30, 2012 ''The Guardian'' reported,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/30/al-qaida-rebels-battle-syria</ref>

{{Quotebox|<small>these were not average members of the Free Syrian Army. Abu Khuder and his men fight for [[al-Qaida]]. They call themselves the ghuraba’a, or “strangers”, after a famous jihadi poem celebrating Osama bin Laden’s time with his followers in the Afghan mountains, and they are one of a number of jihadi organisations establishing a foothold in the east of the country now that the conflict in Syria has stretched well into its second bloody year.<br>

{{Quotebox-float|<small>these were not average members of the Free Syrian Army. Abu Khuder and his men fight for [[al-Qaida]]. They call themselves the ghuraba’a, or “strangers”, after a famous jihadi poem celebrating Osama bin Laden’s time with his followers in the Afghan mountains, and they are one of a number of jihadi organisations establishing a foothold in the east of the country now that the conflict in Syria has stretched well into its second bloody year.<br>

They try to hide their presence. “Some people are worried about carrying the [black] flags” ...<br>

They try to hide their presence. “Some people are worried about carrying the [black] flags” ...<br>

{{Quotebox-float|Europe is now at war again. The threat today is less terrorism than a low-grade insurgency, a [[guerrilla war]] of sorts, that hangs over much of the continent as thousands of jihadists, made proficient killers by ISIS in Syria and Iraq, return home with visions of killing “infidels,” their former neighbors. There will be no parley or negotiation with such mass murderers.}}

{{Quotebox-float|Europe is now at war again. The threat today is less terrorism than a low-grade insurgency, a [[guerrilla war]] of sorts, that hangs over much of the continent as thousands of jihadists, made proficient killers by ISIS in Syria and Iraq, return home with visions of killing “infidels,” their former neighbors. There will be no parley or negotiation with such mass murderers.}}

On May 31 in Sweden, a woman welcomed Muslim refugee into her home and was raped.<ref>[https://www.wnd.com/2016/05/woman-welcomes-muslim-refugee-into-home-gets-raped/ WOMAN WELCOMES MUSLIM 'REFUGEE' INTO HOME, GETS RAPED], Leo Hohmann, ''[[World Net Daily]]'', 05/31/2016</ref> Reports indicate that rape skyrocketed 1500% in Sweden,<ref>[http://www.israelvideonetwork.com/video-swedens-migrant-rape-epidemic/ Sweden’s Migrant Rape Epidemic Revealed].  www.israelvideonetwork.com</ref> which were criticized as [[Islamophobic]]. By June in Belgium again a [[transgender]] was stabbed by Islamic radicals. [[Gay rights]] activists remained silent. In [[Orlando]], Florida a soldier of the Islamic State killed 49 people and wounded 58 others in the largest massing shooting spree in [[American history]] at gay nightclub. In Stockholm, Sweden, a 21-year-old woman from Iran was honor killed by her cousin for taking off her veil and trying to live independently. [[Feminist]]s globally remained silent.

On May 31 in Sweden, a woman welcomed Muslim refugee into her home and was raped.<ref>[https://www.wnd.com/2016/05/woman-welcomes-muslim-refugee-into-home-gets-raped/ WOMAN WELCOMES MUSLIM 'REFUGEE' INTO HOME, GETS RAPED], [[Leo Hohmann]], ''[[World Net Daily]]'', 05/31/2016</ref> Reports indicate that rape skyrocketed 1500% in Sweden,<ref>[http://www.israelvideonetwork.com/video-swedens-migrant-rape-epidemic/ Sweden’s Migrant Rape Epidemic Revealed].  www.israelvideonetwork.com</ref> which were criticized as [[Islamophobic]]. By June in Belgium again a [[transgender]] was stabbed by Islamic radicals. [[Gay rights]] activists remained silent. In [[Orlando]], Florida a soldier of the Islamic State killed 49 people and wounded 58 others in the largest massing shooting spree in [[American history]] at gay nightclub. In Stockholm, Sweden, a 21-year-old woman from Iran was honor killed by her cousin for taking off her veil and trying to live independently. [[Feminist]]s globally remained silent.

On July 14 in [[Nice]], France, on [[Bastille Day]], literally called ''The National Celebration'' commemorating the turning point of the [[French Revolution]] and the unity of the French people with parades and fireworks throughout France. a Muslim migrant driving a truck runs over and kills 86 people, including 10 children while shouting praises to Allah. 202 are injured. Days later in Germany, a 'refugee' with an axe hacked 5 people on a train while screaming 'Allah Akbar'.

On July 14 in [[Nice]], France, on [[Bastille Day]], literally called ''The National Celebration'' commemorating the turning point of the [[French Revolution]] and the unity of the French people with parades and fireworks throughout France. a Muslim migrant driving a truck runs over and kills 86 people, including 10 children while shouting praises to Allah. 202 are injured. Days later in Germany, a 'refugee' with an axe hacked 5 people on a train while screaming 'Allah Akbar'.

https://consortiumnews.com/2016/07/21/us-backed-syrian-moderates-behead-12-year-old/</ref><ref>https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/03/01/main-u-s-backed-syrian-rebel-group-disbanding-joining-islamists</ref> The same day in France, a [[mother]] and her three young [[daughter]]s were stabbed by a Muslim man while eating [[breakfast]] because they were not wearing the [[hijab]].

https://consortiumnews.com/2016/07/21/us-backed-syrian-moderates-behead-12-year-old/</ref><ref>https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/03/01/main-u-s-backed-syrian-rebel-group-disbanding-joining-islamists</ref> The same day in France, a [[mother]] and her three young [[daughter]]s were stabbed by a Muslim man while eating [[breakfast]] because they were not wearing the [[hijab]].

Days later in Ansbach, Germany a Syrian 'asylum seeker' detonated a nail-packed suicide bomb, injuring fifteen people at a wine bar outside a music festival. A week after that, Muslim radicals take hostages at a [[church]] in France and slit the throat of an 84-year-old [[priest]]. The next week in London a [[Somali]] teen ran out of a [[mosque]] and stabbed an [[American]] tourist to death while chanting 'Allah, Allah.' Five others were injured in the attack. 3 days later a man attacks two female police officers in Belgium with a machete while praising Allah. 4 days after that a suicide bomber detonated a bomb in a taxi in Canada, injuring the driver. Next day in Dagestan, Russian Federation, two policemen were shot to death and a judge were shot to death by suspected jihadis.

Days later in Ansbach, Germany a Syrian 'asylum seeker' detonated a nail-packed suicide bomb, injuring fifteen people at a wine bar outside a music festival. A week after that, Muslim radicals take hostages at a [[church]] in France and slit the throat of an 84-year-old [[priest]]. The next week in London a [[Somali]] teen ran out of a [[mosque]] and stabbed an [[American]] tourist to death while chanting 'Allah, Allah.' Five others were injured in the attack. 3 days later a man attacks two female police officers in Belgium with a machete while praising Allah. 4 days after that a suicide bomber detonated a bomb in a taxi in Canada, injuring the driver. Next day in [[Dagestan]], Russian Federation, two policemen were shot to death and a judge were shot to death by suspected jihadis.

On August 19 in [[Strasbourg]], seat of the [[European Parliament]], a [[rabbi]] in orthodox clothing was stabbed by a man shouting praises to Allah. Next day in [[Roanoke]], VA a man and woman were stabbed maliciously by a 'radicalized' man yelling praises to Allah. 10 days later another stabbing of a female police officer in Toulouse, France by a Muslim in a planned attack. The next day in Denmark, two policemen and a civilian were shot by a Bosnian-born Muslim with ties to ISIS. Two days later in France, a Muslim radical stabbed a police officer, and the following day Islamists savagely beat a writer and his son over a book about jihad.

On August 19 in [[Strasbourg]], seat of the [[European Parliament]], a [[rabbi]] in orthodox clothing was stabbed by a man shouting praises to Allah. Next day in [[Roanoke]], VA a man and woman were stabbed maliciously by a 'radicalized' man yelling praises to Allah. 10 days later another stabbing of a female police officer in Toulouse, France by a Muslim in a planned attack. The next day in Denmark, two policemen and a civilian were shot by a Bosnian-born Muslim with ties to ISIS. Two days later in France, a Muslim radical stabbed a police officer, and the following day Islamists savagely beat a writer and his son over a book about jihad.

*[https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html Interactive Arab Spring Timeline]

*[https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html Interactive Arab Spring Timeline]

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