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[[File:Trump-antisemitic-3.jpg|right|350px|thumb|A blatantly [[anti-Semitic]] cartoon depicting [[Israel]]i [[Prime Minister]] [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] as a guide dog with a [[Star of David]] collar leading a blind [[President Trump]] wearing a skullcap. The cartoon accompanied an op-ed published 4/25/19 in the International Edition of the ''[[New York Times]]''.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/media/440957-ny-times-opinion-apologizes-for-cartoon-depicting-anti-semitic-tropes</ref> Two days later, a Trump-hater shot up a California [[synagogue]], killing one and injuring several. The shooter left a manifesto calling President Trump a “Zionist, Anti-White, Traitorous, C*********.”<ref>http://archive.is/9rV3Y</ref>]]

[[File:Trump-antisemitic-3.jpg|right|350px|thumb|A blatantly [[anti-Semitic]] cartoon depicting [[Israel]]i [[Prime Minister]] [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] as a guide dog with a [[Star of David]] collar leading a blind [[President Trump]] wearing a skullcap. The cartoon accompanied an op-ed published 4/25/19 in the International Edition of the ''[[New York Times]]''.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/media/440957-ny-times-opinion-apologizes-for-cartoon-depicting-anti-semitic-tropes</ref> Two days later, a Trump-hater shot up a California [[synagogue]], killing one and injuring several. The shooter left a manifesto calling President Trump a “Zionist, Anti-White, Traitorous, C*********.”<ref>http://archive.is/9rV3Y</ref>]]

Although many leftists [http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2009-08-11/news/0908100426_1_town-hall-meetings-swastikas-bob-macguffie try] to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CNQTwSZCPo deny] it, “modern, political [[anti-Semitism]] is a creature of the [[Liberal|left]] as well as the right,” admits Warwick University Sociology Professor Robert Fine, a [http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/sociology/staff/emeritus/robertfine/home/mycv/ member] of the [http://www.cseweb.org.uk/ Conference of Socialist Economists].<ref>Robert Fine, “[http://www.engageonline.org.uk/journal/index.php?journal_id=10&article_id=33 Karl Marx and the Radical Critique of Anti-Semitism],” ''Engage'', No. 2 (May 2006).</ref> "[A]nti-Semitism that we might call populist or democratic.... is linked equally to the left and right," agrees George L. Mosse, professor of history at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "to the new [[nationalism]], but also to certain tendencies in [[socialism]]."<ref>George L. Mosse, [http://history.wisc.edu/mosse/george_mosse/summaries/jewish_history_lecture7.htm Modern Jewish History - Summary: Lecture #7], March 1, 1971, George L. Mosse Program in History, Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison</ref> Omer Bartov of Brown University comments:

Although many leftists [http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2009-08-11/news/0908100426_1_town-hall-meetings-swastikas-bob-macguffie try] to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CNQTwSZCPo deny] it, “modern, political [[anti-Semitism]] is a creature of the [[Liberal|left]] as well as the right,” admits Warwick University Sociology Professor Robert Fine, a [http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/sociology/staff/emeritus/robertfine/home/mycv/ member] of the [http://www.cseweb.org.uk/ Conference of Socialist Economists].<ref>Robert Fine, “[http://www.engageonline.org.uk/journal/index.php?journal_id=10&article_id=33 Karl Marx and the Radical Critique of Anti-Semitism],” ''Engage'', No. 2 (May 2006).</ref> "[A]nti-Semitism that we might call populist or democratic.... is linked equally to the left and right," agrees George L. Mosse, professor of history at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "to the new [[nationalism]], but also to certain tendencies in [[socialism]]."<ref name="history.wisc.edu">George L. Mosse, [http://history.wisc.edu/mosse/george_mosse/summaries/jewish_history_lecture7.htm Modern Jewish History - Summary: Lecture #7], March 1, 1971, George L. Mosse Program in History, Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison</ref> Omer Bartov of Brown University comments:

{{cquote|[O]ne of the most frightening aspects of Hitler's book is not that he said what he said at the time, but that much of what he said can be found today in innumerable places ... As long as it does not have Hitler's name attached to it, this deranged discourse will be ignored or allowed to pass. The voices that express these opinions do not belong to a single political or ideological current ... They belong to the right and the left, to the religious and the secular, to the West and the East, to the rabble and the leaders, to terrorists and intellectuals, students and peasants, pacifists and militants, expansionists and anti-globalization activists.<ref>Omer Bartov, "[http://www.tnr.com/article/he-meant-what-he-said He Meant What He Said]," ''The New Republic'', February 2, 2004</ref>}}

{{cquote|[O]ne of the most frightening aspects of Hitler's book is not that he said what he said at the time, but that much of what he said can be found today in innumerable places ... As long as it does not have Hitler's name attached to it, this deranged discourse will be ignored or allowed to pass. The voices that express these opinions do not belong to a single political or ideological current ... They belong to the right and the left, to the religious and the secular, to the West and the East, to the rabble and the leaders, to terrorists and intellectuals, students and peasants, pacifists and militants, expansionists and anti-globalization activists.<ref>Omer Bartov, "[http://www.tnr.com/article/he-meant-what-he-said He Meant What He Said]," ''The New Republic'', February 2, 2004</ref>}}

In the 1970s and 80s, during the heart of the [[Cold War]] debate, [[anti-Americanism]], anti-Israeli sentiment, and anti-Semitism "were fringe phenomena while now they are more fashionable and mainstream ... [T]hese sentiments are no longer the monopoly of any particular part of the political spectrum. They are there on the European Left, Right, and in the center," agrees Jeffrey Gedman, president of London's Legatum Institute.<ref>Jeffrey Gedmin, "[http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=3&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=624&PID=0&IID=633&TTL=Experiencing_European_Anti-Americanism_and_Anti-Israelism Experiencing European Anti-Americanism and Anti-Israelism]," ''Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism'', No. 27 (December 2004), Institute for Global Jewish Affairs</ref>

In the 1970s and 80s, during the heart of the [[Cold War]] debate, [[anti-Americanism]], anti-Israeli sentiment, and anti-Semitism "were fringe phenomena while now they are more fashionable and mainstream ... [T]hese sentiments are no longer the monopoly of any particular part of the political spectrum. They are there on the European Left, Right, and in the center," agrees Jeffrey Gedman, president of London's Legatum Institute.<ref>Jeffrey Gedmin, "[http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=3&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=624&PID=0&IID=633&TTL=Experiencing_European_Anti-Americanism_and_Anti-Israelism Experiencing European Anti-Americanism and Anti-Israelism]," ''Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism'', No. 27 (December 2004), Institute for Global Jewish Affairs</ref>

There were "strong anti-Semitic currents on the European left in [[Karl Marx|Marx]]'s time," writes Fine; "[T]here is a strong tradition of [https://www.ushmm.org/media/emu/get?irn=544974&mm_irn=32140&file=primary anti-Semitism on the Left].”<ref>Robert Fine, “[http://www.engageonline.org.uk/journal/index.php?journal_id=10&article_id=33 Karl Marx and the Radical Critique of Anti-Semitism],” ''Engage'', No. 2 (May 2006)</ref> One "need not venture far into the pre-1930 literature of anti-economics before encountering conspicuous anti-Semitic effusions," observes William Coleman of the Australian National University. "One may say that, before about 1930, anti-economics and anti-Semitism existed in striking conjunction." He adds that "the conjunction was not accidental... [A]nti-economics and modern anti-Semitism shared some leading ideological contentions."<ref>William Coleman, "[http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/history_of_political_economy/v035/35.4coleman.pdf Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics]," ''History of Political Economy'', Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter 2003), pp. 759-777</ref>

There were "strong anti-Semitic currents on the European left in [[Karl Marx|Marx]]'s time," writes Fine; "[T]here is a strong tradition of [https://www.ushmm.org/media/emu/get?irn=544974&mm_irn=32140&file=primary anti-Semitism on the Left].”<ref>Robert Fine, “[http://www.engageonline.org.uk/journal/index.php?journal_id=10&article_id=33 Karl Marx and the Radical Critique of Anti-Semitism],” ''Engage'', No. 2 (May 2006)</ref> One "need not venture far into the pre-1930 literature of anti-economics before encountering conspicuous anti-Semitic effusions," observes William Coleman of the Australian National University. "One may say that, before about 1930, anti-economics and anti-Semitism existed in striking conjunction." He adds that "the conjunction was not accidental... [A]nti-economics and modern anti-Semitism shared some leading ideological contentions."<ref>William Coleman, "[http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/history_of_political_economy/v035/35.4coleman.pdf Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics]," ''History of Political Economy'', Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter 2003), pp. 759-777</ref>

From the outset, according to French historian Marc Crapez, European racism and socialism were closely affiliated.<ref>Marc Crapez, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=l-dtAAAAMAAJ L'antisémitisme de gauche au XIXe siècle]'' (Paris: Berg international, 2002) ISBN 2-911289-43-9</ref> In addition, "anti-capitalism and anti-Semitism were deeply intertwined," writes Mosse. "[I]n fact, they had been connected since the middle-ages."<ref>George L. Mosse, [http://history.wisc.edu/mosse/george_mosse/summaries/jewish_history_lecture7.htm Modern Jewish History - Summary: Lecture #7], March 1, 1971, George L. Mosse Program in History, Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison</ref> "For centuries, Jewish economic success led anti-Semites to condemn [[capitalism]] as a form of Jewish domination and exploitation," writes Columbia University history professor Jerry Z. Muller, "or to attribute Jewish success to unsavory qualities of the Jews themselves."<ref>Jerry Z. Muller, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nMZ_w0mFGIgC Capitalism and the Jews]'' (Princeton University Press, 2010) ISBN 0691144788, p. 2</ref>

From the outset, according to French historian Marc Crapez, European racism and socialism were closely affiliated.<ref>Marc Crapez, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=l-dtAAAAMAAJ L'antisémitisme de gauche au XIXe siècle]'' (Paris: Berg international, 2002) ISBN 2-911289-43-9</ref> In addition, "anti-capitalism and anti-Semitism were deeply intertwined," writes Mosse. "[I]n fact, they had been connected since the middle-ages."<ref name="history.wisc.edu"/> "For centuries, Jewish economic success led anti-Semites to condemn [[capitalism]] as a form of Jewish domination and exploitation," writes Columbia University history professor Jerry Z. Muller, "or to attribute Jewish success to unsavory qualities of the Jews themselves."<ref>Jerry Z. Muller, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nMZ_w0mFGIgC Capitalism and the Jews]'' (Princeton University Press, 2010) ISBN 0691144788, p. 2</ref>

“The Marxist, postmodern and post-[[Zionist]] pseudo-liberal views on democracy lead back to the totalitarian democracy of the French [[Enlightenment]], in which anti-Semitism formed an essential ingredient,” writes Shlomo Sharan of [[Tel Aviv]] University.<ref>Shlomo Sharan, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5U-Dk-5p0mIC Israel and the Post-Zionists: A Nation at Risk]'' (Sussex Academic Press, 2003) ISBN 1903900522 , p. 125</ref> At that time, "the Jews symbolised the distressing symptoms of modernity ushered in by capitalism and political liberalism," writes Christian Wiese, professor of Jewish history at the University of Sussex.<ref>Christian Wiese, "Modern Antisemitism and Jewish Responses in Germany and France," in Michael Brenner, Vicki Caron and Uri R. Kaufmann, eds., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=b2DN7yDuCyoC Jewish emancipation reconsidered: the French and German models]'' (Mohr Siebeck, 2003) ISBN 316148018X, p. 136</ref>  

“The Marxist, postmodern and post-[[Zionist]] pseudo-liberal views on democracy lead back to the totalitarian democracy of the French [[Enlightenment]], in which anti-Semitism formed an essential ingredient,” writes Shlomo Sharan of [[Tel Aviv]] University.<ref>Shlomo Sharan, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5U-Dk-5p0mIC Israel and the Post-Zionists: A Nation at Risk]'' (Sussex Academic Press, 2003) ISBN 1903900522 , p. 125</ref> At that time, "the Jews symbolised the distressing symptoms of modernity ushered in by capitalism and political liberalism," writes Christian Wiese, professor of Jewish history at the University of Sussex.<ref>Christian Wiese, "Modern Antisemitism and Jewish Responses in Germany and France," in Michael Brenner, Vicki Caron and Uri R. Kaufmann, eds., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=b2DN7yDuCyoC Jewish emancipation reconsidered: the French and German models]'' (Mohr Siebeck, 2003) ISBN 316148018X, p. 136</ref>  

{{cquote|Dissatisfaction with the practical consequences of Liberalism was even stronger in economic than in political matters; anti-capitalism was, after all, one of the oldest and most natural forms of anti-Semitism. Liberal society was characterized by a high degree of social mobility with a premium on individual worth and ability. Perhaps this pill was the hardest to swallow. All those who had an assured place in an ordered hierarchy, even if it was a comparatively low one, looked with distaste on an order which allowed others to rise to positions of eminence and influence ... anti-Semitism is anti-capitalist since capitalism is one of the causes of social mobility.<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The Rise of Political Anti-semitism in Germany & Austria] (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, pp. 42-43</ref>}}

{{cquote|Dissatisfaction with the practical consequences of Liberalism was even stronger in economic than in political matters; anti-capitalism was, after all, one of the oldest and most natural forms of anti-Semitism. Liberal society was characterized by a high degree of social mobility with a premium on individual worth and ability. Perhaps this pill was the hardest to swallow. All those who had an assured place in an ordered hierarchy, even if it was a comparatively low one, looked with distaste on an order which allowed others to rise to positions of eminence and influence ... anti-Semitism is anti-capitalist since capitalism is one of the causes of social mobility.<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The Rise of Political Anti-semitism in Germany & Austria] (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, pp. 42-43</ref>}}

“[T]he sudden prominence of a few Jews who benefited from economic liberalisation provoked a backlash from the Left.”<ref>David Cesarani, ''[http://www.engageonline.org.uk/ressources/left_jews/Left_Jews_final.pdf The Jews and the Left] (Labour Friends of Israel 2004) ISBN 0 9500536-5-1, p. 3 (PDF p.9)</ref> In France, writes Göttingen historian Karlheinz Weissmann, many on the left saw the Jews "as the embodiment of capitalism."<ref>Karlheinz Weissmann, "[http://mises.org/journals/jls/12_2/12_2_3.pdf The Epoch of National Socialism]," ''The Journal of Libertarian Studies,'' Vol. 12, No. 2 (Fall 1996), pp. 257–294, citing Edmund Silberner, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=y6EiAAAAMAAJ Sozialisten zur Judenfrage: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Sozialismus vom Anfang des 19.Jahrhunderts bis 1914]'' (Berlin, 1962), pp. 65–82</ref>

“[T]he sudden prominence of a few Jews who benefited from economic liberalisation provoked a backlash from the Left.”<ref>David Cesarani, ''[http://www.engageonline.org.uk/ressources/left_jews/Left_Jews_final.pdf The Jews and the Left] (Labour Friends of Israel 2004) ISBN 0 9500536-5-1, p. 3 (PDF p.9)</ref> In France, writes Göttingen historian Karlheinz Weissmann, many on the left saw the Jews "as the embodiment of capitalism."<ref name="The Epoch of National Socialism">Karlheinz Weissmann, "[http://mises.org/journals/jls/12_2/12_2_3.pdf The Epoch of National Socialism]," ''The Journal of Libertarian Studies,'' Vol. 12, No. 2 (Fall 1996), pp. 257–294, citing Edmund Silberner, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=y6EiAAAAMAAJ Sozialisten zur Judenfrage: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Sozialismus vom Anfang des 19.Jahrhunderts bis 1914]'' (Berlin, 1962), pp. 65–82</ref>

Some of the most prominent thinkers of the Enlightenment were virulent anti-Semites: [[Voltaire]] denounced the Jews as "the greatest scoundrels who have ever sullied the face of the globe".<ref>Arthur Hertzberg and Aron Hirt-Manheimer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hiWBs5HM_E0C Jews: the essence and character of a people]'' (HarperCollins, 1998) ISBN 0060638354, p. 164</ref> The Jews, he wrote, "deserve to be punished," for it is their "destiny."<ref>Avner Falk, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zL_0WOiZj0oC Anti-semitism: a history and psychoanalysis of contemporary hatred]'' (ABC-CLIO, 2008) ISBN 0313353840, p. 9</ref> "The Jewish nation dares to display an irreconcilable hatred toward all nations, and revolts against all masters," wrote Voltaire, "always superstitious, always greedy for the well-being enjoyed by others, always barbarous&mdash;cringing in misfortune and insolent in prosperity."<ref>Voltaire, ''Essai sur les Moeurs et l'Esprit des Nations'', Introduction, [http://www.voltaire-integral.com/Html/11/07INTFIN.html#i42 XLII: Des Juifs depuis Saül], 1753</ref> [[Immanuel Kant]] expressed similar views: "'The Jews still cannot claim any true genius, any truly great man. All their talents and skills revolve around stratagems and low cunning ... They are a nation of swindlers."<ref>[[Alan Dershowitz|Alan M. Dershowitz]], ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3jjNW-_TnusC Chutzpah]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1992) ISBN 0671760890, p. 113</ref>

Some of the most prominent thinkers of the Enlightenment were virulent anti-Semites: [[Voltaire]] denounced the Jews as "the greatest scoundrels who have ever sullied the face of the globe".<ref>Arthur Hertzberg and Aron Hirt-Manheimer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hiWBs5HM_E0C Jews: the essence and character of a people]'' (HarperCollins, 1998) ISBN 0060638354, p. 164</ref> The Jews, he wrote, "deserve to be punished," for it is their "destiny."<ref>Avner Falk, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zL_0WOiZj0oC Anti-semitism: a history and psychoanalysis of contemporary hatred]'' (ABC-CLIO, 2008) ISBN 0313353840, p. 9</ref> "The Jewish nation dares to display an irreconcilable hatred toward all nations, and revolts against all masters," wrote Voltaire, "always superstitious, always greedy for the well-being enjoyed by others, always barbarous&mdash;cringing in misfortune and insolent in prosperity."<ref>Voltaire, ''Essai sur les Moeurs et l'Esprit des Nations'', Introduction, [http://www.voltaire-integral.com/Html/11/07INTFIN.html#i42 XLII: Des Juifs depuis Saül], 1753</ref> [[Immanuel Kant]] expressed similar views: "'The Jews still cannot claim any true genius, any truly great man. All their talents and skills revolve around stratagems and low cunning ... They are a nation of swindlers."<ref>[[Alan Dershowitz|Alan M. Dershowitz]], ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3jjNW-_TnusC Chutzpah]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1992) ISBN 0671760890, p. 113</ref>

==Early Socialist Anti-Semitism==

==Early Socialist Anti-Semitism==

"It was in those days that the complaint arose that Jews were 'unproductive middle men,' 'economic parasites,'" wrote Edward H. Flannery, a professor at the Institute of Judeo-Christian Studies at Seton Hall University.<ref>Eric Pace, "[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/22/us/the-rev-edward-flannery-86-priest-who-fought-anti-semitism.html The Rev. Edward Flannery, 86, Priest Who Fought Anti-Semitism]," ''The New York Times'', October 22, 1998</ref> "It was shaped for the most part by socialist  writers and became a favorite theme with later racist antisemites of a socialist stripe."<ref>Edward H. Flannery, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=J40gNC7cxfYC The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-three Centuries of Antisemitism]'' (Paulist Press, 2004) ISBN 0809143240, p. 168</ref> "Certain anti-economists affiliated with the socialist movement held Jews

"It was in those days that the complaint arose that Jews were 'unproductive middle men,' 'economic parasites,'" wrote Edward H. Flannery, a professor at the Institute of Judeo-Christian Studies at Seton Hall University.<ref>Eric Pace, "[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/22/us/the-rev-edward-flannery-86-priest-who-fought-anti-semitism.html The Rev. Edward Flannery, 86, Priest Who Fought Anti-Semitism]," ''The New York Times'', October 22, 1998</ref> "It was shaped for the most part by socialist  writers and became a favorite theme with later racist antisemites of a socialist stripe."<ref>Edward H. Flannery, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=J40gNC7cxfYC The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-three Centuries of Antisemitism]'' (Paulist Press, 2004) ISBN 0809143240, p. 168</ref> "Certain anti-economists affiliated with the socialist movement held Jews

to be potentates of an oppressive contemporary social order."<ref>William Oliver Coleman, "[http://www.bupedu.com/lms/admin/uploded_article/eA.368.pdf Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics]," ''History of Political Economy'' (Duke University Press), Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter 2003), p. 764</ref> Among the French Left, observes Weissmann, were "numerous individuals and groups who considered class struggle and race struggle as one and the same thing&mdash;especially with reference to the Jews...."<ref>Karlheinz Weissmann, "[http://mises.org/journals/jls/12_2/12_2_3.pdf The Epoch of National Socialism]," ''The Journal of Libertarian Studies,'' Vol. 12, No. 2 (Fall 1996), pp. 257–294, citing Edmund Silberner, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=y6EiAAAAMAAJ Sozialisten zur Judenfrage: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Sozialismus vom Anfang des 19.Jahrhunderts bis 1914]'' (Berlin, 1962), pp. 65–82</ref>

to be potentates of an oppressive contemporary social order."<ref name="Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics">William Oliver Coleman, "[http://www.bupedu.com/lms/admin/uploded_article/eA.368.pdf Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics]," ''History of Political Economy'' (Duke University Press), Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter 2003), p. 764</ref> Among the French Left, observes Weissmann, were "numerous individuals and groups who considered class struggle and race struggle as one and the same thing&mdash;especially with reference to the Jews...."<ref name="The Epoch of National Socialism"/>

“Socialist anti-Semitism is indeed almost as old as modern Socialism,” writes historian Edmund Silberner of the Hebrew University of [[Jerusalem]].<ref>Edmund Silberner, “The Anti-Semitic Tradition in Modern Socialism,” Scripta Hierosolymitana, vol. III (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1956), pp.378-379</ref> Early socialism was inseparable from anti-Semitism, portraying Jews as exploiters, leeches and parasites.<ref>Edmund Silberner, “The Anti-Semitic Tradition in Modern Socialism,” ''Scripta Hierosolymitana'', vol. III (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1956), pp.378-379</ref> "[V]irtually every major figure in the early history of socialism — including [[Friedrich Engels]], [[Charles Fourier]], [[Ferdinand Lassalle]], [[Marx]], and [[Pierre Joseph Proudhon|Joseph Proudhon]] — showed a marked antipathy to Jews," observes [[Daniel Pipes]].<ref>Daniel Pipes, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PPdv8sAtZ4UC Conspiracy: How the Paranoid Style Flourishes and Where It Comes From]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1999) ISBN 0684871114, p. 88</ref>  In his comprehensive survey of French socialist literature from 1820 to 1920, historian Zosa Szajkowski found not a single word on behalf of Jews.<ref>Zosa Szajkowski, ''[http://www.jstor.org/pss/4464737 The Jewish Saint-Simonians and Socialist Antisemites in France]'', ''Jewish Social Studies'', Vol. 9, No. 1 (January, 1947), pp. 33-60</ref>

“Socialist anti-Semitism is indeed almost as old as modern Socialism,” writes historian Edmund Silberner of the Hebrew University of [[Jerusalem]].<ref>Edmund Silberner, “The Anti-Semitic Tradition in Modern Socialism,” Scripta Hierosolymitana, vol. III (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1956), pp.378-379</ref> Early socialism was inseparable from anti-Semitism, portraying Jews as exploiters, leeches and parasites.<ref>Edmund Silberner, “The Anti-Semitic Tradition in Modern Socialism,” ''Scripta Hierosolymitana'', vol. III (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1956), pp.378-379</ref> "[V]irtually every major figure in the early history of socialism — including [[Friedrich Engels]], [[Charles Fourier]], [[Ferdinand Lassalle]], [[Marx]], and [[Pierre Joseph Proudhon|Joseph Proudhon]] — showed a marked antipathy to Jews," observes [[Daniel Pipes]].<ref>Daniel Pipes, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PPdv8sAtZ4UC Conspiracy: How the Paranoid Style Flourishes and Where It Comes From]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1999) ISBN 0684871114, p. 88</ref>  In his comprehensive survey of French socialist literature from 1820 to 1920, historian Zosa Szajkowski found not a single word on behalf of Jews.<ref>Zosa Szajkowski, ''[http://www.jstor.org/pss/4464737 The Jewish Saint-Simonians and Socialist Antisemites in France]'', ''Jewish Social Studies'', Vol. 9, No. 1 (January, 1947), pp. 33-60</ref>

===Leroux===

===Leroux===

Pierre Leroux (1797–1871), who coined the word "socialism", “identified the Jews with the despised capitalism, and regarded them as the incarnation of mammon, who lived by exploiting others.”<ref>Dennis Prager and Joseph Telushkin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VK0llzUqQ2YC Why the Jews?: the reason for antisemitism]'' (Simon and Schuster, 2003) ISBN 0743246209, p. 127</ref> He said, "When we speak of the Jews, we mean the Jewish spirit – the spirit of profit, of lucre, of gain, the spirit of commerce, of speculation, in a word, the banker spirit."<ref>Lewis S. Feuer and Irving Horowitz, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8TwfWRr21zEC Ideology and the Ideologists]'' (Transaction Publishers, 2010) ISBN 1412814421, p. 141</ref> "The true successor of Napoleon," wrote Leroux, "is the Jew."<ref>William Oliver Coleman, "[http://www.bupedu.com/lms/admin/uploded_article/eA.368.pdf Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics]," ''History of Political Economy'' (Duke University Press), Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter 2003), p. 764</ref>

Pierre Leroux (1797–1871), who coined the word "socialism", “identified the Jews with the despised capitalism, and regarded them as the incarnation of mammon, who lived by exploiting others.”<ref>Dennis Prager and Joseph Telushkin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VK0llzUqQ2YC Why the Jews?: the reason for antisemitism]'' (Simon and Schuster, 2003) ISBN 0743246209, p. 127</ref> He said, "When we speak of the Jews, we mean the Jewish spirit – the spirit of profit, of lucre, of gain, the spirit of commerce, of speculation, in a word, the banker spirit."<ref>Lewis S. Feuer and Irving Horowitz, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8TwfWRr21zEC Ideology and the Ideologists]'' (Transaction Publishers, 2010) ISBN 1412814421, p. 141</ref> "The true successor of Napoleon," wrote Leroux, "is the Jew."<ref name="Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics"/>

===Fichte===

===Fichte===

"[T]hrough almost all countries of Europe there is spreading a powerful, hostile state, which is perpetually at war with all other States, and which in some of them oppresses the citizens with the utmost severity: it is Jewry."<ref>Moshe Leshem, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NGSAAAAAIAAJ Balaam's curse: how Israel lost its way, and how it can find it again]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1989) ISBN 067167918X, p. 53</ref> wrote the early socialist [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]] (1762–1814). "I see no other means of protecting ourselves against them, than by conquering their Promised Land and sending them all there."<ref>Bernard Lewis, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice]'' (W. W. Norton & Company, 1999) ISBN 0393318397, p. 112</ref> Elsewhere, he suggested a more radical solution, in which Gentiles "chop off all their [Jews'] heads and replace them with new ones, in which there would not be a single Jewish idea."<ref>Jon Stratton, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Blh7RLQVIUcC Jewish identity in Western pop culture: the Holocaust and trauma through modernity]'' (Macmillan, 2008), ISBN 0230604749, p. 24</ref> In Fichte's text "we see the beginnings of the 'anticapitalist' impulse in modern antisemitism, which became central to revolutionist agendas for the redemption of humanity through the regeneration of Jewry," observes [http://www.gf.org/fellows/8291-anthony-j-la-vopa Guggenheim Fellow] Anthony J. LaVopa.<ref>Anthony J. LaVopa, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vQx0_69P4z4C Fichte: the self and the calling of philosophy, 1762-1799]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2001), ISBN 052179145, p. 135</ref> Duquesne University professor Tom Rockmore comments that "available evidence points strongly to an early and perhaps enduring Marxian interest in Fichte's position."<ref>Tom Rockmore, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qrS4AAAAIAAJ Fichte, Marx, and the German philosophical tradition]'' (Southern Illinois University Press, 1980), ISBN 0809309556, p. 126</ref>

"[T]hrough almost all countries of Europe there is spreading a powerful, hostile state, which is perpetually at war with all other States, and which in some of them oppresses the citizens with the utmost severity: it is Jewry."<ref>Moshe Leshem, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NGSAAAAAIAAJ Balaam's curse: how Israel lost its way, and how it can find it again]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1989) ISBN 067167918X, p. 53</ref> wrote the early socialist [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]] (1762–1814). "I see no other means of protecting ourselves against them, than by conquering their Promised Land and sending them all there."<ref name="books.google.com">Bernard Lewis, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice]'' (W. W. Norton & Company, 1999) ISBN 0393318397, p. 112</ref> Elsewhere, he suggested a more radical solution, in which Gentiles "chop off all their [Jews'] heads and replace them with new ones, in which there would not be a single Jewish idea."<ref>Jon Stratton, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Blh7RLQVIUcC Jewish identity in Western pop culture: the Holocaust and trauma through modernity]'' (Macmillan, 2008), ISBN 0230604749, p. 24</ref> In Fichte's text "we see the beginnings of the 'anticapitalist' impulse in modern antisemitism, which became central to revolutionist agendas for the redemption of humanity through the regeneration of Jewry," observes [http://www.gf.org/fellows/8291-anthony-j-la-vopa Guggenheim Fellow] Anthony J. LaVopa.<ref>Anthony J. LaVopa, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vQx0_69P4z4C Fichte: the self and the calling of philosophy, 1762-1799]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2001), ISBN 052179145, p. 135</ref> Duquesne University professor Tom Rockmore comments that "available evidence points strongly to an early and perhaps enduring Marxian interest in Fichte's position."<ref>Tom Rockmore, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qrS4AAAAIAAJ Fichte, Marx, and the German philosophical tradition]'' (Southern Illinois University Press, 1980), ISBN 0809309556, p. 126</ref>

===Fourier===

===Fourier===

===Sombart===

===Sombart===

Werner Sombart, a German economist, sociologist and self-proclaimed "convinced Marxist"<ref>Hermynia Zur Mühlen (Tr. Lionel Gossman), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_gd1Aw0ZlEwC The End and the Beginning: The Book of My Life, Volume 1]'' (Open Book Publishers, 2010) ISBN 1906924279, p. 241</ref> – praised by Friedrich Engels as the only German professor who understood ''Das Kapital''<ref>Frederick Engels, [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1894-c3/supp.htm Introduction], ''Capital'' Volume III (Supplement), 1894. Cf. [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1895/letters/95_03_11.htm Engels To W. Sombart in Breslaun, London, March 11, 1895], in ''Beitrage zur Geschichte der deutscher Arbeiterbewegung'' No. 3, 1961, reprinted in Marx and Engels, ''Selected Works'', Volume 3, pp. 504-506. Marxists Internet Archive (marxists.org)</ref> – wrote that "modern capitalism is nothing more or less than an expression of the Jewish spirit."<ref>Werner Sombart, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=P33VHF1aBAcC The Jews and Modern Capitalism]'' (E. P. Dutton, 1913), p. 38</ref> According to the ''Universal Jewish Encyclopaedia'', Sombart "[http://econlog.econlib.org/archives/2009/09/capitalism_and.html accused the Jews of having created capitalism]" – as should perhaps be expected of a "convinced Marxist" (Marx viewed Jews as "responsible for capitalism," according to Princeton's Bernard Lewis.)<ref>Bernard Lewis, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice]'' (W. W. Norton & Company, 1999) ISBN 0393318397, p. 112</ref>

Werner Sombart, a German economist, sociologist and self-proclaimed "convinced Marxist"<ref>Hermynia Zur Mühlen (Tr. Lionel Gossman), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_gd1Aw0ZlEwC The End and the Beginning: The Book of My Life, Volume 1]'' (Open Book Publishers, 2010) ISBN 1906924279, p. 241</ref> – praised by Friedrich Engels as the only German professor who understood ''Das Kapital''<ref>Frederick Engels, [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1894-c3/supp.htm Introduction], ''Capital'' Volume III (Supplement), 1894. Cf. [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1895/letters/95_03_11.htm Engels To W. Sombart in Breslaun, London, March 11, 1895], in ''Beitrage zur Geschichte der deutscher Arbeiterbewegung'' No. 3, 1961, reprinted in Marx and Engels, ''Selected Works'', Volume 3, pp. 504-506. Marxists Internet Archive (marxists.org)</ref> – wrote that "modern capitalism is nothing more or less than an expression of the Jewish spirit."<ref>Werner Sombart, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=P33VHF1aBAcC The Jews and Modern Capitalism]'' (E. P. Dutton, 1913), p. 38</ref> According to the ''Universal Jewish Encyclopaedia'', Sombart "[http://econlog.econlib.org/archives/2009/09/capitalism_and.html accused the Jews of having created capitalism]" – as should perhaps be expected of a "convinced Marxist" (Marx viewed Jews as "responsible for capitalism," according to Princeton's Bernard Lewis.)<ref name="books.google.com"/>

===Dreiser===

===Dreiser===

==Anti-capitalist anti-semitism in Germany==

==Anti-capitalist anti-semitism in Germany==

During the 19th century, the center of left-wing anti-Semitism gradually shifted from [[Paris]] to [[Vienna]], where the "radical-democratic and nationalist left wing" was headed by German Liberal Party leader Georg von Schönerer,<ref>Viktor Karády, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4hGg9rMQpEEC The Jews of Europe in the modern era: a socio-historical outline]'' (Central European University Press, 2004) ISBN 9639241520, p. 360</ref> one of a group of "left-wing German liberals" who demanded "the exclusion of Jews from the new movement and as far as possible from public life";<ref>Robert A. Kann, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cG570mijBF4C A history of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918]'' (University of California Press, 1980) ISBN 0520042069, p. 433</ref> Hitler would later ascribe to Schönerer "the wisdom of a prophet."<ref>Adolf Hitler, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=EBUBUEeUwxUC Mein Kampf: zwei Bände in einem Band'', Vol. 1], 40th ed., (Bottom of the Hill, 1938) ISBN 1935785079, p. 93</ref> Wilhelm Marr, who [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=anti-Semitism coined the term] "antisemitism," wrote that "anti-Semitism is a Socialist movement, only in nobler and purer forms than Social Democracy."<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The rise of political anti-semitism in Germany & Austria]'' (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, p. 45</ref> In late 19th  century Germany, a popular critical view held that capitalism was a product of Jewish culture.<ref>Cristobal Young, "[http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/3/0/8/9/5/pages308953/p308953-1.php Christianity, Judaism, and the Spirit of Capitalism: The Weber-Sombart Debates]," Department of Sociology, Princeton University, p. 1</ref> Adolf Stöcker, leader of the  left-wing Christian Social Party, wrote, "I see in unrestrained capitalism the evil of our epoch and am naturally also an opponent of modern Judaism on account of my socio-political views."<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The rise of political anti-semitism in Germany & Austria]'' (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, p. 95.</ref> Meanwhile, anti-capitalist leader Adam Müller said, “The Jewish messiah, the Antichrist, has come to earth in the guise of the steam engine, and this in order to speed up the end of the world.”<ref>George L. Mosse, [http://history.wisc.edu/mosse/george_mosse/summaries/jewish_history_lecture7.htm Modern Jewish History - Summary: Lecture #7], March 1, 1971, George L. Mosse Program in History, Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison</ref> "The doctrine of egalitarian free economics and of corresponding human rights in economics, as they were formulated in a humanely well-meaning way by the Scotsmen Hume and Smith, were used by the Jews in order to derive from them their monopoly," according to the anti-semitic ''Die Judenfrage''.<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The rise of political anti-semitism in Germany & Austria]'' (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, p. 51</ref> According to Tyler Cowen, professor of economics at George Mason University:

During the 19th century, the center of left-wing anti-Semitism gradually shifted from [[Paris]] to [[Vienna]], where the "radical-democratic and nationalist left wing" was headed by German Liberal Party leader Georg von Schönerer,<ref>Viktor Karády, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4hGg9rMQpEEC The Jews of Europe in the modern era: a socio-historical outline]'' (Central European University Press, 2004) ISBN 9639241520, p. 360</ref> one of a group of "left-wing German liberals" who demanded "the exclusion of Jews from the new movement and as far as possible from public life";<ref>Robert A. Kann, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cG570mijBF4C A history of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918]'' (University of California Press, 1980) ISBN 0520042069, p. 433</ref> Hitler would later ascribe to Schönerer "the wisdom of a prophet."<ref>Adolf Hitler, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=EBUBUEeUwxUC Mein Kampf: zwei Bände in einem Band'', Vol. 1], 40th ed., (Bottom of the Hill, 1938) ISBN 1935785079, p. 93</ref> Wilhelm Marr, who [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=anti-Semitism coined the term] "antisemitism," wrote that "anti-Semitism is a Socialist movement, only in nobler and purer forms than Social Democracy."<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The rise of political anti-semitism in Germany & Austria]'' (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, p. 45</ref> In late 19th  century Germany, a popular critical view held that capitalism was a product of Jewish culture.<ref>Cristobal Young, "[http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/3/0/8/9/5/pages308953/p308953-1.php Christianity, Judaism, and the Spirit of Capitalism: The Weber-Sombart Debates]," Department of Sociology, Princeton University, p. 1</ref> Adolf Stöcker, leader of the  left-wing Christian Social Party, wrote, "I see in unrestrained capitalism the evil of our epoch and am naturally also an opponent of modern Judaism on account of my socio-political views."<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The rise of political anti-semitism in Germany & Austria]'' (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, p. 95.</ref> Meanwhile, anti-capitalist leader Adam Müller said, “The Jewish messiah, the Antichrist, has come to earth in the guise of the steam engine, and this in order to speed up the end of the world.”<ref name="history.wisc.edu"/> "The doctrine of egalitarian free economics and of corresponding human rights in economics, as they were formulated in a humanely well-meaning way by the Scotsmen Hume and Smith, were used by the Jews in order to derive from them their monopoly," according to the anti-semitic ''Die Judenfrage''.<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The rise of political anti-semitism in Germany & Austria]'' (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, p. 51</ref> According to Tyler Cowen, professor of economics at George Mason University:

{{cquote|German writers picked up on earlier anti-Enlightenment theories of a Judeo-Masonic conspiracy to rule the world. During the French Revolution, the Jews, along with the Masons, were identified as forces for liberalism, secularism, and capitalism. German writers quickly found the Jews to be a more popular target than the Masons, perhaps because they were more visible or more different. The originally Judeo-Masonic theories eventually discarded the other conspirators, such as the Templars and the Illuminati, and focused on the Jews.<ref>Tyler Cowen, "[http://www.thefreemanonline.org/featured/the-socialist-roots-of-modern-anti-semitism/ The Socialist Roots of Modern Anti-Semitism]," ''The Freeman'' (Foundation for Economic Education), January 1997</ref>}}

{{cquote|German writers picked up on earlier anti-Enlightenment theories of a Judeo-Masonic conspiracy to rule the world. During the French Revolution, the Jews, along with the Masons, were identified as forces for liberalism, secularism, and capitalism. German writers quickly found the Jews to be a more popular target than the Masons, perhaps because they were more visible or more different. The originally Judeo-Masonic theories eventually discarded the other conspirators, such as the Templars and the Illuminati, and focused on the Jews.<ref>Tyler Cowen, "[http://www.thefreemanonline.org/featured/the-socialist-roots-of-modern-anti-semitism/ The Socialist Roots of Modern Anti-Semitism]," ''The Freeman'' (Foundation for Economic Education), January 1997</ref>}}

===U.S. Democratic Party===

===U.S. Democratic Party===

The [[Democratic Party]] is becoming increasingly anti-Semitic.<ref>Murphy, James (March 8, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/congress/item/31685-do-democrats-have-an-anti-semitism-problem Do Democrats Have an Anti-Semitism Problem?] ''The New American''. Retrieved March 8, 2019.</ref> ''The problem is, instead of the Left condemning and strongly opposing these attacks, antisemitism has found a home in the Democratic Party and has become a shameful problem that the Left must confront.''<ref>https://www.jpost.com/opinion/the-rise-of-antisemitism-in-the-left-and-in-america-637017 The rise of antisemitism on the Left and in America] Matthew Wearp, ''JPost'', July 31, 2020</ref> Far-left Democrat Arab congresswoman [[Rashida Tlaib]] hung a map in her congressional office with a sticky note calling [[Israel]] "Palestine."<ref>Multiple references:

The [[Democratic Party]] is becoming increasingly anti-Semitic.<ref>Murphy, James (March 8, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/congress/item/31685-do-democrats-have-an-anti-semitism-problem Do Democrats Have an Anti-Semitism Problem?] ''The New American''. Retrieved March 8, 2019.</ref> ''The problem is, instead of the Left condemning and strongly opposing these attacks, antisemitism has found a home in the Democratic Party and has become a shameful problem that the Left must confront.''<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/opinion/the-rise-of-antisemitism-in-the-left-and-in-america-637017 The rise of antisemitism on the Left and in America] Matthew Wearp, ''JPost'', July 31, 2020</ref> Far-left Democrat Arab congresswoman [[Rashida Tlaib]] hung a map in her congressional office with a sticky note calling [[Israel]] "Palestine."<ref>Multiple references:

*Kraychik, Robert (January 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/01/04/rashida-tlaib-new-office-map-israel-renamed-palestine/ Rashida Tlaib’s New Office Map: Israel Renamed ‘Palestine’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 5, 2019.

*Kraychik, Robert (January 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/01/04/rashida-tlaib-new-office-map-israel-renamed-palestine/ Rashida Tlaib’s New Office Map: Israel Renamed ‘Palestine’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 5, 2019.

*O'Neil, Tyler (January 4, 2019). [https://pjmedia.com/trending/israel-replaced-with-palestine-on-rashida-tlaibs-office-map/ Israel Replaced With Palestine on Office Map of Congresswoman Who Called Trump a 'Motherf**ker']. ''PJ Media''. Retrieved January 5, 2019.

*O'Neil, Tyler (January 4, 2019). [https://pjmedia.com/trending/israel-replaced-with-palestine-on-rashida-tlaibs-office-map/ Israel Replaced With Palestine on Office Map of Congresswoman Who Called Trump a 'Motherf**ker']. ''PJ Media''. Retrieved January 5, 2019.

On May 20, 2021, violent Arab-[[Palestinian]]s in [[New York City]] brutally assaulted pro-Israel demonstrators in [[Times Square]].<ref>Sales, Ben (May 22, 2021). [https://www.jta.org/2021/05/21/united-states/antisemitism-in-new-york-city-what-we-know-about-thursdays-attacks Antisemitism in New York City: What we know about Thursday’s attacks]. ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.</ref> Among those beaten was a seventeen year-old Jewish teenager, who was punched in the head and arm. The perpetrators shouted anti-Semitic slurs including "f***ing Zionist". Several days previously, a Palestinian mob in [[Los Angeles]] attacked Jews at a restaurant.<ref>Multiple references:

On May 20, 2021, violent Arab-[[Palestinian]]s in [[New York City]] brutally assaulted pro-Israel demonstrators in [[Times Square]].<ref>Sales, Ben (May 22, 2021). [https://www.jta.org/2021/05/21/united-states/antisemitism-in-new-york-city-what-we-know-about-thursdays-attacks Antisemitism in New York City: What we know about Thursday’s attacks]. ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.</ref> Among those beaten was a seventeen-year-old Jewish teenager, who was punched in the head and arm. The perpetrators shouted anti-Semitic slurs including "f***ing Zionist". Several days previously, a Palestinian mob in [[Los Angeles]] attacked Jews at a restaurant.<ref>Multiple references:

*JTA (May 19, 2021). [https://www.jta.org/quick-reads/pro-palestinian-demonstrators-attack-jews-at-la-restaurant Pro-Palestinian demonstrators attack Jews at LA restaurant]. ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.

*JTA (May 19, 2021). [https://www.jta.org/quick-reads/pro-palestinian-demonstrators-attack-jews-at-la-restaurant Pro-Palestinian demonstrators attack Jews at LA restaurant]. ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.

*CBSLA Staff (May 19, 2021). [https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2021/05/19/police-investigate-possible-jewish-hate-crime-attack-at-beverly-grove-restaurant/ Police Investigate Possible Jewish Hate Crime Attack At Beverly Grove Restaurant]. ''CBS Los Angeles''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.

*CBSLA Staff (May 19, 2021). [https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2021/05/19/police-investigate-possible-jewish-hate-crime-attack-at-beverly-grove-restaurant/ Police Investigate Possible Jewish Hate Crime Attack At Beverly Grove Restaurant]. ''CBS Los Angeles''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.

“When we evacuated a car with four teenage boys, one Jew and three non-Jews from the Walk for Israel got caught in the mob at a traffic light. They were surrounded by the mob with people jumping on and into their car, spitting and punching.”..</blockquote></ref>

“When we evacuated a car with four teenage boys, one Jew and three non-Jews from the Walk for Israel got caught in the mob at a traffic light. They were surrounded by the mob with people jumping on and into their car, spitting and punching.”..</blockquote></ref>

Another notable arrest in New York occured when an Arab, Waseem Awawdeh, who with others carried out a horrific lynching on a Jew wearing a kippah in Manhattan.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2021/05/21/jewish-man-beaten-during-wild-midtown-protests-afraid-to-wear-yarmulke/amp/ Waseem Awawdeh has been hit with multiple charges, including a hate crime], NY Post, May 21, 2021</ref>

Another notable arrest in New York occurred when an Arab, Waseem Awawdeh, who with others carried out a horrific lynching on a Jew wearing a kippah in Manhattan.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2021/05/21/jewish-man-beaten-during-wild-midtown-protests-afraid-to-wear-yarmulke/amp/ Waseem Awawdeh has been hit with multiple charges, including a hate crime], NY Post, May 21, 2021</ref>

Another Arab, Daniel Shaukat was arrested for him with others attacking Jews in Brooklyn, New York, while yelling anti-Semitic statements including "Kill all J**s".

Another Arab, Daniel Shaukat was arrested for him with others attacking Jews in Brooklyn, New York, while yelling anti-Semitic statements including "Kill all J**s".

<ref>[https://abc7ny.com/20-year-old-arrested-in-back-to-back-attacks-against-jewish-victims/10693468/ 20-year-old Daniel Shaukat arrested in a series of attacks on Jewish victims in Brooklyn.] Eyewitness News, May 25, 2021. ''Police say Shaukat and two others parked outside the synagogue shouted an anti-Semitic threat. They allegedly shouted, “Free the Palestinians! Kill all the Jews!” with four male victims standing outside the place. Two of the suspects got out of the car and began hitting the front door of the synagogue. They couldn’t get inside. Police say they kicked and destroyed the side mirrors of a nearby car on their way back to the car. Shortly thereafter, another bias incident may have occurred at Kensington’s Ocean Parkway ... Shawkat and another man approached the victim and his cousin and demanded that they “release Palestine.” Shawkat is said to have hit the back of his head with a suction cup when the victim tried to stop Shawkat from hitting his cousin. Next, a second man with a bat chased them to Ocean Parkway...''</ref><ref>[https://nypost.com/2021/05/25/man-accused-of-hurling-threats-outside-jewish-synagogue-apologizes/amp/ Man accused of hurling threats outside Jewish synagogue apologizes]. By Paul Martinka, Tina Moore and Jesse O’Neill, NYPost, May 25, 2021.   

<ref>[https://abc7ny.com/20-year-old-arrested-in-back-to-back-attacks-against-jewish-victims/10693468/ 20-year-old Daniel Shaukat arrested in a series of attacks on Jewish victims in Brooklyn.] Eyewitness News, May 25, 2021. ''Police say Shaukat and two others parked outside the synagogue shouted an anti-Semitic threat. They allegedly shouted, “Free the Palestinians! Kill all the Jews!” with four male victims standing outside the place. Two of the suspects got out of the car and began hitting the front door of the synagogue. They couldn’t get inside. Police say they kicked and destroyed the side mirrors of a nearby car on their way back to the car. Shortly thereafter, another bias incident may have occurred at Kensington’s Ocean Parkway ... Shawkat and another man approached the victim and his cousin and demanded that they “release Palestine.” Shawkat is said to have hit the back of his head with a suction cup when the victim tried to stop Shawkat from hitting his cousin. Next, a second man with a bat chased them to Ocean Parkway...''</ref><ref>[https://nypost.com/2021/05/25/man-accused-of-hurling-threats-outside-jewish-synagogue-apologizes/amp/ Man accused of hurling threats outside Jewish synagogue apologizes]. By Paul Martinka, Tina Moore and Jesse O’Neill, NYPost, May 25, 2021.   

<blockquote>

<blockquote>

Near Miami, a family was assaulted as they walked in Bal Harbour on Tuesday. The Orgen family was visiting from New Jersey when a car of people yelling “Free Palestine” and “We’re going to rape your wife,”...since May 8 and that the ADL this week reported finding 17,000 tweets between May 7 and May 14 with variations of the words “Hitler was right.”... Rubin, who handled Jewish outreach for Bernie Sanders’s 2020 presidential campaign, said the current level of vitriol in the United States against Jews is higher than he’s ever seen it. He pointed to an '''increased use of the term “apartheid” by progressive politicians and the appearance of White nationalists in the Palestinian cause'''... “There is language being used to describe Israel that is heading us on a path to arguments about delegitimization, that Israel should not exist, that the issue is that it exists,” said Rubin, executive director of the American Jewish Congress. “Words are being used about Israel that are incredibly unsettling to the Jewish community that go further, and in a direction that makes the community feel very vulnerable. And that vulnerability is not a good place to be..</blockquote></ref> of Israel such as by bigoted<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/wiesenthal-releases-ten-worst-outbreaks-of-antisemiticanti-israel-cases-611310 Ilhan Omar, Rashida Tlaib, Jeremy Corbyn top list of worst antisemites] ''Corbyn, violent antisemitism in the US, Germany, Italy, France led the list, compiled by the Simon Wiesenthal Center''. By Benjamin Weinthal, JPost, December 20, 2019.</ref> Arab Muslims [[Ilhan Omar]], [[Rashida Tlaib]],<ref>[https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/op-ed/2021/05/19/tlaib-omar-should-punished-their-anti-israel-statements/5127721001/ Democrats must punish Tlaib and Omar if they're truly serious about antisemitism] ''Reps. Rashida Tlaib and Ilhan Omar support policies that are considered antisemitic - and Democrats refuse to call it out. They should.'' Farley Weiss, May 19, 2021</ref> followed by [[AOC]]<ref>Hillel Neuer (@HillelNeuer) tweeted:

Near Miami, a family was assaulted as they walked in Bal Harbour on Tuesday. The Orgen family was visiting from New Jersey when a car of people yelling “Free Palestine” and “We’re going to rape your wife,”...since May 8 and that the ADL this week reported finding 17,000 tweets between May 7 and May 14 with variations of the words “Hitler was right.”... Rubin, who handled Jewish outreach for Bernie Sanders’s 2020 presidential campaign, said the current level of vitriol in the United States against Jews is higher than he’s ever seen it. He pointed to an '''increased use of the term “apartheid” by progressive politicians and the appearance of White nationalists in the Palestinian cause'''... “There is language being used to describe Israel that is heading us on a path to arguments about delegitimization, that Israel should not exist, that the issue is that it exists,” said Rubin, executive director of the American Jewish Congress. “Words are being used about Israel that are incredibly unsettling to the Jewish community that go further, and in a direction that makes the community feel very vulnerable. And that vulnerability is not a good place to be..</blockquote></ref> of Israel such as by bigoted<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/wiesenthal-releases-ten-worst-outbreaks-of-antisemiticanti-israel-cases-611310 Ilhan Omar, Rashida Tlaib, Jeremy Corbyn top list of worst antisemites] ''Corbyn, violent antisemitism in the US, Germany, Italy, France led the list, compiled by the Simon Wiesenthal Center''. By Benjamin Weinthal, JPost, December 20, 2019.</ref> Arab Muslims [[Ilhan Omar]], [[Rashida Tlaib]],<ref>[https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/op-ed/2021/05/19/tlaib-omar-should-punished-their-anti-israel-statements/5127721001/ Democrats must punish Tlaib and Omar if they're truly serious about antisemitism] ''Reps. Rashida Tlaib and Ilhan Omar support policies that are considered antisemitic - and Democrats refuse to call it out. They should.'' Farley Weiss, May 19, 2021</ref> followed by [[AOC]]<ref>Hillel Neuer (@HillelNeuer) tweeted:

A congresswoman, that U.N. report accusing Israel of 'apartheid' was authored by 9/11 conspiracy theorist Richard Falk, who was denounced by his own UN chief Ban Ki-moon and by the UK for antisemitism, and it was commissioned by Syria, Libya and 18 other Arab states. #factsmatter https://twitter.com/HillelNeuer/status/1394077789767323648?s=20</ref> <font size=1>(which she tried to justify by relying on anti-Israel hacks such Omar Shakir<ref>https://canarymission.org/individual/Omar_Shakir</ref><ref>https://www.thejc.com/news/uk/human-rights-watch-israel-apartheid-report-condemned-as-fiction-1.516093</ref> and Hagai Elad of B'tselem,<ref>https://honestreporting.com/tag/btselem/</ref><ref>https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/noah-pollak/the-btselem-witch-trials/</ref><ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.israelhayom.co.il/opinion/840857 '"B'Tselem", do not advance your agenda on my back.'] Yosef Haddad, Israel Hayom, January 16, 2021.</ref> both abusing Human rights banners/ positions for their extreme record long agenda)</font> and others.

A congresswoman, that U.N. report accusing Israel of 'apartheid' was authored by 9/11 conspiracy theorist Richard Falk, who was denounced by his own UN chief Ban Ki-moon and by the UK for antisemitism, and it was commissioned by Syria, Libya and 18 other Arab states. #factsmatter https://twitter.com/HillelNeuer/status/1394077789767323648?s=20</ref> <font size=1>(which she tried to justify by relying on anti-Israel hacks such Omar Shakir<ref>https://canarymission.org/individual/Omar_Shakir</ref><ref name="thejc.com">https://www.thejc.com/news/uk/human-rights-watch-israel-apartheid-report-condemned-as-fiction-1.516093</ref> and Hagai Elad of B'tselem,<ref>https://honestreporting.com/tag/btselem/</ref><ref>https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/noah-pollak/the-btselem-witch-trials/</ref><ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.israelhayom.co.il/opinion/840857 '"B'Tselem", do not advance your agenda on my back.'] Yosef Haddad, Israel Hayom, January 16, 2021.</ref> both abusing Human rights banners/ positions for their extreme record long agenda)</font> and others.

Biden's press Secretary, [[Jen Psaki]] refused to denounce inflammatory anti-Israel rhetoric from House ‘Squad’.<ref>Press Secretary Psaki Pointedly Refuses To Denounce Anti-Israel Rhetoric From House Democrats. GOP War Room, May 20, 2021. https://youtu.be/Oq9LCUc4V3A</ref>

Biden's press Secretary, [[Jen Psaki]] refused to denounce inflammatory anti-Israel rhetoric from House ‘Squad’.<ref>Press Secretary Psaki Pointedly Refuses To Denounce Anti-Israel Rhetoric From House Democrats. GOP War Room, May 20, 2021. https://youtu.be/Oq9LCUc4V3A</ref>

A journalist noted on May 24, 2021 that "still not a single elected Democrat--not one--has criticized the squad directly over their recent rhetoric. Not a single one."<ref>[https://twitter.com/SethAMandel/status/1396987670589579264?s=20 Seth Mandel (@SethAMandel) Tweeted]: ''Still not a single elected Democrat--not one--has criticized the squad directly over their recent rhetoric. Not a single one. I wish I could say Dems were insufficiently policing their caucus, but that would require any policing at all whatsoever.'' [May 24, 2021]</ref>

A journalist noted on May 24, 2021, that "still not a single elected Democrat--not one--has criticized the squad directly over their recent rhetoric. Not a single one."<ref>[https://twitter.com/SethAMandel/status/1396987670589579264?s=20 Seth Mandel (@SethAMandel) Tweeted]: ''Still not a single elected Democrat--not one--has criticized the squad directly over their recent rhetoric. Not a single one. I wish I could say Dems were insufficiently policing their caucus, but that would require any policing at all whatsoever.'' [May 24, 2021]</ref>

When [[Bernie Sanders]] was confronted about some liberals' use of the term "apartheid" <ref>https://www.thejc.com/news/uk/human-rights-watch-israel-apartheid-report-condemned-as-fiction-1.516093</ref><ref>https://aijac.org.au/op-ed/gross-distortions-of-hrw-apartheid-slur/</ref><ref>https://www.janglo.net/item/LoHOoAAcUsr</ref><ref>https://www.ngo-monitor.org/reports/hrws-apartheid-demonization-bds-lawfare/</ref><ref>https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/the-new-blood-libel-of-medical-apartheid/</ref><ref>https://zionist.org.uk/the-btselem-apartheid-slur/</ref><ref>https://www.wbez.org/stories/israeli-response-accusations-of-apartheid-slur-israel/b8b72c44-ad7f-4c3d-80d9-cc5aedf62410</ref><ref>https://honestreporting.ca/neil-macdonalds-apartheid-slur-is-inflammatory-and-unfounded</ref><ref>https://unwatch.org/u-n-s-mideast-agency-obsessed-israeli-apartheid/</ref>

When [[Bernie Sanders]] was confronted about some liberals' use of the term "apartheid" <ref name="thejc.com"/><ref>https://aijac.org.au/op-ed/gross-distortions-of-hrw-apartheid-slur/</ref><ref>https://www.janglo.net/item/LoHOoAAcUsr</ref><ref>https://www.ngo-monitor.org/reports/hrws-apartheid-demonization-bds-lawfare/</ref><ref>https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/the-new-blood-libel-of-medical-apartheid/</ref><ref>https://zionist.org.uk/the-btselem-apartheid-slur/</ref><ref name="wbez.org">https://www.wbez.org/stories/israeli-response-accusations-of-apartheid-slur-israel/b8b72c44-ad7f-4c3d-80d9-cc5aedf62410</ref><ref>https://honestreporting.ca/neil-macdonalds-apartheid-slur-is-inflammatory-and-unfounded</ref><ref name="wbez.org"/>

<ref>https://ajn.timesofisrael.com/bob-carr-out-of-control/</ref><ref>https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2016/02/i-grew-south-africa-so-believe-me-when-i-say-israel-not-apartheid-state</ref><ref>https://www.cjnews.com/perspectives/opinions/apartheid-slur-driven-hatred-lies

<ref>https://unwatch.org/u-n-s-mideast-agency-obsessed-israeli-apartheid/</ref><ref>https://ajn.timesofisrael.com/bob-carr-out-of-control/</ref><ref>https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2016/02/i-grew-south-africa-so-believe-me-when-i-say-israel-not-apartheid-state</ref><ref>https://www.cjnews.com/perspectives/opinions/apartheid-slur-driven-hatred-lies

</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2014/05/19/explaining-john-kerrys-apartheid-slur/</ref><ref>https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/jonathan-tobin/kerrys-apartheid-slur/</ref><ref>https://brandeiscenter.com/the-apartheid-slur-an-intellectual-affront-and-obstacle-to-peace/</ref><ref>https://daphneanson.blogspot.com/2011/04/black-students-blast-israeli-apartheid.html</ref>

</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2014/05/19/explaining-john-kerrys-apartheid-slur/</ref><ref>https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/jonathan-tobin/kerrys-apartheid-slur/</ref><ref>https://brandeiscenter.com/the-apartheid-slur-an-intellectual-affront-and-obstacle-to-peace/</ref>

<ref>https://www.wsj.com/news/author/james-taranto?page=62</ref><ref>https://www.wbez.org/stories/israeli-response-accusations-of-apartheid-slur-israel/b8b72c44-ad7f-4c3d-80d9-cc5aedf62410</ref><ref>https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/israel-and-the-apartheid-slur/</ref><ref>https://jpost.com/jerusalem-report/israel/the-apartheid-slur/</ref><ref>https://www.iol.co.za/amp/the-star/apartheid-slur-is-a-ploy-mr-kasrils-1135399</ref><ref>https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/israel/the-apartheid-slur</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090828042304/http://cgis.jpost.com/Blogs/troy/entry/treat_the_apartheid_slur_the http://cgis.jpost.com/Blogs/troy/entry/treat_the_apartheid_slur_the]</ref><ref>[https://www.conservativewoman.co.uk/calling-israel-an-apartheid-state-is-both-racist-and-a-lie/ Calling Israel an apartheid state is both racist and a lie] By Karen Harradine and Paul T Horgan, Conservative Wonan, July 16, 2019</ref><ref>[https://www.cfi.org.uk/news.php?article=488 Israel and the Human Rights Distortion] Christian Friends of Israel, Apr 28, 2021</ref>) prompting vitriol which has led to an increase in anti-Semitic attacks, he shifted to blame (exclusively) "right wing" extremists.<ref>

<ref>https://daphneanson.blogspot.com/2011/04/black-students-blast-israeli-apartheid.html</ref><ref>https://www.wsj.com/news/author/james-taranto?page=62</ref><ref>https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/israel-and-the-apartheid-slur/</ref><ref>https://jpost.com/jerusalem-report/israel/the-apartheid-slur/</ref><ref>https://www.iol.co.za/amp/the-star/apartheid-slur-is-a-ploy-mr-kasrils-1135399</ref><ref>https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/israel/the-apartheid-slur</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090828042304/http://cgis.jpost.com/Blogs/troy/entry/treat_the_apartheid_slur_the http://cgis.jpost.com/Blogs/troy/entry/treat_the_apartheid_slur_the]</ref><ref>[https://www.conservativewoman.co.uk/calling-israel-an-apartheid-state-is-both-racist-and-a-lie/ Calling Israel an apartheid state is both racist and a lie] By Karen Harradine and Paul T Horgan, Conservative Wonan, July 16, 2019</ref><ref>[https://www.cfi.org.uk/news.php?article=488 Israel and the Human Rights Distortion] Christian Friends of Israel, Apr 28, 2021</ref>) prompting vitriol which has led to an increase in anti-Semitic attacks, he shifted to blame (exclusively) "right wing" extremists.<ref>

5/23: Sanders, Gates, Honoré. ''This week on "Face the Nation," will the fragile [[ceasefire]] in the Middle East continue to hold? Plus, more hopeful signs that we're reaching the end of the pandemic.''

5/23: Sanders, Gates, Honoré. ''This week on "Face the Nation," will the fragile [[ceasefire]] in the Middle East continue to hold? Plus, more hopeful signs that we're reaching the end of the pandemic.''

https://www.cbsnews.com/video/523-sanders-gates-honore/.  

https://www.cbsnews.com/video/523-sanders-gates-honore/.