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[[File:Cerebellum.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The human brain is the most complex physical entity in the universe.<ref>[http://creation.com/the-human-body-gods-masterpiece The Human Body: God's Masterpiece]</ref><ref>[http://creation.com/the-human-body-gods-masterpiece The Enigmatic Human Brain] by Wallace G. Smith</ref><ref>[http://www.creationmoments.com/radio/transcripts/most-complex-structure The Most Complex Structure], Creation Moments</ref>]]
[[File:Cerebellum.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The human brain is the most complex physical entity in the universe.<ref>[http://creation.com/the-human-body-gods-masterpiece The Human Body: God's Masterpiece]</ref>]]
'''Decision making''' is the process of choosing between various options by gathering relevant information and evaluating various alternatives. It can be a [[Rationality|rational]] or irrational process.
'''Decision making''' is the process of choosing between various options by gathering relevant information and evaluating various alternatives. It can be a [[Rationality|rational]] or irrational process.
'''8.''' Review the decision based on the results. Take into account things such as: uncertainty due to incomplete information; potential for improvement; probabilities of outcomes based on various actions and having enough data to make an accurate assessment.<ref>[https://calvinrosser.com/notes/thinking-in-bets-annie-duke/ Thinking in Bets: Making Smarter Decisions When You Don’t Have All the Facts by Annie Duke]</ref><ref>[https://verbaltovisual.com/thinking-in-bets-by-annie-duke-a-visual-summary/ Thinking in Bets by Annie Duke – A Visual Summary]</ref>
'''8.''' Review the decision based on the results. Take into account things such as: uncertainty due to incomplete information; potential for improvement; probabilities of outcomes based on various actions and having enough data to make an accurate assessment.<ref>[https://calvinrosser.com/notes/thinking-in-bets-annie-duke/ Thinking in Bets: Making Smarter Decisions When You Don’t Have All the Facts by Annie Duke]</ref><ref>[https://verbaltovisual.com/thinking-in-bets-by-annie-duke-a-visual-summary/ Thinking in Bets by Annie Duke – A Visual Summary]</ref>
== Sound decisions: Best practices ==
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_42d7194b-2e04-4ea6-94a4-dc0e8311b0b9 Sound decisions: Best practices]
*[https://chatgpt.com/share/68eda8c4-f4fc-800d-a18c-dea849d63666 Sound decisions: Best practices]
== Emotional regulation and decision making ==
== Emotional regulation and decision making ==
[[File:Emotional intelligence.png|thumbnail|350px|right|The five components of [[emotional intelligence]] are: [[self-awareness]], [[self-regulation]], [[motivation]], [[empathy]], and [[Interpersonal skills|social skills]].<ref>[https://www.mbaknol.com/modern-management-concepts/domains-of-emotional-intelligence/ Domains of Emotional Intelligence], MBA Knowledge Base</ref>]]
[[File:Emotional intelligence.png|thumbnail|350px|right|The five components of [[emotional intelligence]] are: [[self-awareness]], [[self-regulation]], [[motivation]], [[empathy]], and [[Interpersonal skills|social skills]].<ref>[https://www.mbaknol.com/modern-management-concepts/domains-of-emotional-intelligence/ Domains of Emotional Intelligence], MBA Knowledge Base</ref>]]
''See also:'' [[Self-regulation]] and [[Self-awareness]] and [[Emotional intelligence]] and [[Peak performance]] and [[Metacognition]] and [[Rationality]] and [[Rational thinking]] and [[Positive thinking]] and [[Self-talk]] and [[Risk]] and [[Risk management]] and [[Mindfulness (Psychology)|Mindfulness]] and [[Stress management]] and [[Mental toughness]] and [[Psychological resilience]] and [[Courage]] and [[Confidence]] and [[Negative thinking]] and [[Pessimism]] and [[Irrational thinking]]
''See also:'' [[Self-regulation]] and [[Self-awareness]] and [[Emotional intelligence]] and [[Peak performance]] and [[Metacognition]] and [[Rationality]] and [[Rational thinking]] and [[Positive thinking]] and [[Self-talk]] and [[Risk]] and [[Risk management]] and [[Mindfulness (Psychology)|Mindfulness]] and [[Stress management]] and [[Mental toughness]] and [[Psychological resilience]] and [[Courage]] and [[Self-confidence]] and [[Negative thinking]] and [[Pessimism]] and [[Irrational thinking]]
"[[Emotion]]al regulation refers to the ability to manage and control one's emotions, and it plays a crucial role in decision making as strong emotions can significantly impact our judgment, often leading to impulsive or irrational choices; therefore, effectively regulating emotions allows for more thoughtful and balanced decision-making processes."<ref>
"[[Emotion]]al regulation refers to the ability to manage and control one's emotions, and it plays a crucial role in decision making as strong emotions can significantly impact our judgment, often leading to impulsive or irrational choices; therefore, effectively regulating emotions allows for more thoughtful and balanced decision-making processes."<ref>
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In the field of [[psychology]], particularly [[sport psychology]], [[peak performance]] is a mental and physiological state that is also known as peak experience, the zone of optimal functioning and flow. It specifically refers to a moment when an individual puts it all together, when they are in the zone of "[[flow state]]", and when they achieve an exceptional performance.<ref>[https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-peak-performance-anyway-donna-marino-psyd-cipp-ppc/ What Is Peak Performance, Anyway?] by Dr. Donna Marino</ref>
In the field of [[psychology]], particularly [[sport psychology]], [[peak performance]] is a mental and physiological state that is also known as peak experience, the zone of optimal functioning and flow. It specifically refers to a moment when an individual puts it all together, when they are in the zone of "[[flow state]]", and when they achieve an exceptional performance.<ref>[https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-peak-performance-anyway-donna-marino-psyd-cipp-ppc/ What Is Peak Performance, Anyway?] by Dr. Donna Marino</ref>
*[https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/OODA-loop OODA Loop], Tech Target
*[https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/OODA-loop OODA Loop], Tech Target
*[https://www.tacticalresponse.com/blogs/library/18649427-boyd-s-o-o-d-a-loop-and-how-we-use-it Boyd’s O.O.D.A Loop and How We Use It]
*[https://www.tacticalresponse.com/blogs/library/18649427-boyd-s-o-o-d-a-loop-and-how-we-use-it Boyd’s O.O.D.A Loop and How We Use It]
== Mental framework ==
''See also:'' [[Mental framework]]
A [[mental framework]] (or mental model/schema) "is a cognitive structure or set of [[belief]]s used to simplify, interpret, and navigate the world's complexity. It acts as a lens for organizing information, enabling faster, more efficient decision-making, problem-solving, and perception of reality. These frameworks are learned, can be accessed implicitly, and include concepts like, for example, [[SWOT analysis]] or, say, [[Prioritization#Eisenhower Matrix|Eisenhower Matrix]]."<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is++mental+framework&sca_esv=73000156de4ea350&sxsrf=ANbL-n7MAppqF0FVyoiMvsPsVsaN422VgA%3A1772553583687&ei=bwWnacXXKdKGptQPxc2tiQw&biw=1745&bih=834&ved=0ahUKEwiFy83VjISTAxVSg4kEHcVmK8EQ4dUDCBE&uact=5&oq=what+is++mental+framework&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiGXdoYXQgaXMgIG1lbnRhbCBmcmFtZXdvcmsyBhAAGAcYHjIGEAAYBxgeMgUQABiABDIGEAAYCBgeMgYQABgIGB4yBhAAGAgYHjIGEAAYCBgeMgYQABgIGB4yBhAAGAgYHjIGEAAYCBgeSM9PUNkLWMBLcBV4AZABAJgBrAGgAaYSqgEEMS4xN7gBA8gBAPgBAZgCIaACjQ3CAgoQABiwAxjWBBhHwgINEAAYgAQYsAMYQxiKBcICChAhGKABGMMEGArCAgcQIxiwAhgnwgIHEAAYgAQYDcICBhAAGA0YHsICCBAAGAgYDRgewgILEAAYgAQYhgMYigXCAgUQABjvBcICCxAAGIAEGJECGIoFwgIIEAAYBxgKGB7CAggQABgHGAgYHpgDAIgGAZAGCpIHBTIyLjExoAfBgAGyBwQxLjExuAekDMIHBjAuOC4yNcgHeIAIAA&sclient=gws-wiz-serp Mental framework]</ref>
== Inegrative thinking ==
''See also:'' [[Integrative thinking]]
[[Integrative thinking]] is a "decision-making approach where opposing ideas or perspectives are not seen as mutually exclusive, but rather as opportunities to create a superior, novel solution that incorporates elements from both. It's about moving beyond "either/or" choices and finding a way to synthesize conflicting viewpoints into a more comprehensive and innovative outcome."<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+integrative+thinking&oq=what+is+integrat&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqDQgAEAAYkQIYgAQYigUyDQgAEAAYkQIYgAQYigUyBwgBEAAYgAQyCggCEAAYsQMYgAQyBggDEEUYOTIHCAQQABiABDIHCAUQABiABDIHCAYQABiABDIHCAcQABiABDIHCAgQABiABDIGCAkQLhhA0gEINTMwN2owajGoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 What is integrative thinking?]</ref>
== Decision making and urgency theory ==
''See also:'' [[Urgency theory]]
[[Urgency theory]] is a "psychological and [[behavior]]al framework that explains how perceived urgency influences human decision making, [[motivation]], and [[Action orientation|action]]. It posits that people are more likely to act quickly and decisively when a situation feels time-sensitive, high-stakes, or irreversible—even if the actual deadline or [[risk]] is artificial or exaggerated.<ref>[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_78c703fb-b229-4e1e-a5f3-26c3b992cb24 What is urgency theory?]</ref>
== Errors of judgment and their most likely causes ==
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_82641fe8-e4a2-4d6b-b982-0a526d76e73b What are the most likely causes of errors in decision making?]
=== Doubling down on error unintentionally and intentionally ===
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_16754e0b-99c4-4e2c-a19a-42e357e34f19 If someone doubles down on error unintentionally what are the most likely causes in order of likelihood and please estimate their probabilities.]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_7f69c3de-a222-4a1b-8ee5-fef534f40ff9 If someone doubles down on error intentionally what are the most likely causes in order of likelihood and please estimate their probabilties]
== Decision making tools ==
''See also:'' [[The Decision Book: Fifty Models for Strategic Thinking]]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_9cc7a256-a5ea-41e6-b7fc-f944aa1c4607 Feedback Analysis developed by Peter Drucker]
*[[Consequences Model]]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_9fead896-37f9-461a-8fad-03a49cc85d71 The Yes/No Rule: Master Quick Decisions and Conquer Overthinking]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_0dfe4c9c-4704-4f29-9c2a-4754f978cdec The Hard Choice Model: Four Approaches to Decision-Making]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_9b3ec2c4-dab1-453a-8da2-5402da438546 The Double-Loop Learning Model]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_5f9d618f-fd7a-4d42-846a-ef4448af5ab8 The Swiss Cheese Model: A Framework for Understanding and Preventing Errors]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_61fc93a7-07f9-4ba6-b99f-aa161032a969 The John Whitmore Model: A Goal-Setting Framework]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_c6cc0eb1-9315-45cf-85ee-1f3926d1de59 The Rubberband Rule]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_1c285999-dbaf-4dc7-add5-0d776c1246b6 Thinking Outside the Box: A Creativity Model Using Puzzles to Break Mental Boundaries] See: [[Creativity]] and [[Creative problem solving]] and [[Innovation]] and [[Imagination]] and [[Openness]]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_aaef2467-ca4a-418a-9d0f-6bec3625f6d3 The Stop Rule: A Decision-Making Guideline]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_fe716b1f-f37e-477a-8217-e69745c6b7ef The Morphological Box & SCAMPER]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_43ebaee6-a822-418e-9c2a-faeb45dbed76 The Rumsfeld Matrix: A Framework for Navigating Uncertainty]
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNA%3D%3D_756f3c78-06c3-4ce5-978a-7ba472b865b1 The Prisoner's Dilemma, Communication, and Strategies to Avoid It]
== Books ==
== Books ==
* ''The Science of Intelligent Decision Making: How to Think More Clearly, Save Your Time, and Maximize Your Happiness. Destroy Indecision!'' by Peter Hollins. ASIN: B06Y46DTLC. Publication date: April 8, 2017
* ''The Science of Intelligent Decision Making: How to Think More Clearly, Save Your Time, and Maximize Your Happiness. Destroy Indecision!'' by Peter Hollins. ASIN: B06Y46DTLC. Publication date: April 8, 2017
* ''[[Decisive]]: How to Make Better Choices in Life and Work'' by Chip Heath and Dan Heath. Crown Currency; 1st edition (March 26, 2013)
* ''[[Decisive]]: How to Make Better Choices in Life and Work'' by Chip Heath and Dan Heath. Crown Currency; 1st edition (March 26, 2013)
* ''[[Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction]]'' by Philip E. Tetlock and Dan Gardner. Crown; NO-VALUE edition (September 13, 2016)
* ''[[Predictably Irrational]], Revised and Expanded Edition: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions'' by Dr. Dan Ariely. ASIN: 0061353248. Harper Perennial. April 27, 2010
* ''[[Predictably Irrational]], Revised and Expanded Edition: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions'' by Dr. Dan Ariely. ASIN: 0061353248. Harper Perennial. April 27, 2010
*"Sometimes it's the smallest decisions that can change your life forever" - Keri Russell
*"Sometimes it's the smallest decisions that can change your life forever" - Keri Russell
*"Whenever you see a successful business, someone once made a [[Courage|courageous]] decision" - Peter F. Drucker, Management consultant
*"Whenever you see a successful business, someone once made a [[courage]]ous decision" - Peter F. Drucker, Management consultant
*“There’s no problem so bad you can’t make it worse.” - Hasard Lee, ''[[The Art of Clear Thinking]]: A Stealth Fighter Pilot's Timeless Rules for Making Tough Decisions'' by Hasard Lee. St. Martin's Press; First Edition (May 23, 2023)
*“There’s no problem so bad you can’t make it worse.” - Hasard Lee, ''[[The Art of Clear Thinking]]: A Stealth Fighter Pilot's Timeless Rules for Making Tough Decisions'' by Hasard Lee. St. Martin's Press; First Edition (May 23, 2023)
*[[Strategic thinking]]
*[[Strategic thinking]]
*[[Management]]
*[[Management]]
*[[Consequences model]]
*[[Risk management]]
*[[Rationalization (Psychology)]]
*[[Rationalization (Psychology)]]
== External links ==
== External links ==
*[https://www.mindtools.com/cyz4vzu/decision-making Decision Making], Mindtools.com
*[https://www.mindtools.com/cyz4vzu/decision-making Decision Making], Mindtools.com
*[https://hbr.org/2022/03/how-to-make-great-decisions-quickly How to Make Great Decisions, Quickly], Harvard Business Review
*[https://hbr.org/2022/03/how-to-make-great-decisions-quickly How to Make Great Decisions, Quickly], Harvard Business Review
*[https://chatgpt.com/share/68f79f6c-8218-800a-9b27-b5a1bfb78cf5 For decision making and problem solving, give me a list of the types of ways and perspectives that an issue/problem can be approached/solved], AI
*[https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNQ%3D%3D_0e927c61-e40b-41f2-bc39-b66a73b4f3e2 50 decision models], AI
*[https://chatgpt.com/share/69d6842c-69ac-8333-ac4d-e9fef09a6ace Are any studies that show that people who know decision making and problem solving skills make better decision?], AI
Videos:
Videos:
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category: Management]]
[[Category:Management]]
[[Category: Psychology]]
[[Category:Psychology]]