| Line 66: |
Line 66: |
| | | | |
| | ===Order ''[[Ornithischia]]''=== | | ===Order ''[[Ornithischia]]''=== |
| − | Ornithischian dinosaurs are characterized by "bird hips", i.e., the pubic bone of the pelvis juts towards the rear of the animal. All species were herbivorous; most were quadrupedal. They lacked front teeth, but had a predentary bone at the front of the lower jaw. Several species (mainly within ''Ceratopsia'') had a distinctive parrot-like beak. | + | Ornithischian dinosaurs are characterized by "bird hips," ''i.e.'', the pubic bone of the pelvis juts towards the rear of the animal. All species were herbivorous; most were quadrupedal. They lacked front teeth, but had a predentary bone at the front of the lower jaw. Several species (mainly within ''Ceratopsia'') had a distinctive parrot-like beak. |
| | *Infraorder Ceratopsia | | *Infraorder Ceratopsia |
| | ::Species of this infraorder carried one or more horns on their heads, as well as a shield-like frill to protect the neck. | | ::Species of this infraorder carried one or more horns on their heads, as well as a shield-like frill to protect the neck. |
| Line 103: |
Line 103: |
| | In July 1806, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark unsuccessfully tried to retrieve ''"...the rib of a fish which was Semented within the face of the rock"'' at the Hell Creek formation, in what is now Yellowstone County, Montana; the ribs were later determined to have come from a terrestrial dinosaur.<ref>http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/read/?_xmlsrc=1806-07-25&_xslsrc=LCstyles.xsl</ref> | | In July 1806, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark unsuccessfully tried to retrieve ''"...the rib of a fish which was Semented within the face of the rock"'' at the Hell Creek formation, in what is now Yellowstone County, Montana; the ribs were later determined to have come from a terrestrial dinosaur.<ref>http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/read/?_xmlsrc=1806-07-25&_xslsrc=LCstyles.xsl</ref> |
| | | | |
| − | In 1858, ''Hadrosaurus'', the so-called "duck-billed dinosaur", was found in a mineral pit in New Jersey. It was put on display at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences in 1868. In 1869, Edward Drinker Cope (1847–1897) had reconstructed a ''[[plesiosaur]]''. Othniel Charles Marsh (1831–1899) established that Cope had attached the skull to the wrong end of the skeleton, humiliating Cope and beginning a long, bitter rivalry derisively called the "Bone War". While previous skeletons had been discovered by accident, Cope and Marsh went on expeditions to arid parts of the American West. The two men found numerous fossils in Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico as they competed to find and name as many species as they could. Their museums worked out the techniques for mounting and displaying them. The feud between Cope and Marsh climaxed in 1890, when letters containing bitter recriminations were published in ''The New York Herald''. Congress responded by dismissing Marsh and revoking funds for his entire department. | + | In 1858, ''Hadrosaurus'', the so-called "duck-billed dinosaur", was found in a mineral pit in New Jersey. It was put on display at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences in 1868. In 1869, Edward Drinker Cope (1847–1897) had reconstructed a ''[[plesiosaur]]''. Othniel Charles Marsh (1831–1899) established that Cope had attached the skull to the wrong end of the skeleton, humiliating Cope and beginning a long, bitter rivalry derisively called the "Bone War." While previous skeletons had been discovered by accident, Cope and Marsh went on expeditions to arid parts of the American West. The two men found numerous fossils in Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico as they competed to find and name as many species as they could. Their museums worked out the techniques for mounting and displaying them. The feud between Cope and Marsh climaxed in 1890, when letters containing bitter recriminations were published in ''The New York Herald''. Congress responded by dismissing Marsh and revoking funds for his entire department. |
| | | | |
| | In 1877, Marsh began digging at Como Bluff, Wyoming. This site proved to be the greatest of all paleontological finds. Many Late Jurassic dinosaurs, including ''Stegosaurus'' and ''Brontosaurus'' (later renamed ''Apatosaurus'' until 2015), were discovered here. J.B. Hatcher collected dozens of Late Cretaceous horned dinosaurs at Lance Creek in northeastern Wyoming in 1889–1894, including ''Triceratops.'' | | In 1877, Marsh began digging at Como Bluff, Wyoming. This site proved to be the greatest of all paleontological finds. Many Late Jurassic dinosaurs, including ''Stegosaurus'' and ''Brontosaurus'' (later renamed ''Apatosaurus'' until 2015), were discovered here. J.B. Hatcher collected dozens of Late Cretaceous horned dinosaurs at Lance Creek in northeastern Wyoming in 1889–1894, including ''Triceratops.'' |