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Line 4: − + − − There are several converging lines of argmuentation for common descent. These include but are not limited to: − − *[[Homology | Anatomical homologies]]- The phenotype of organisms often share similar structure. This structure often doesn't serve a specific design function and is explained by constraints of common descent. − − *[[Endogenous retrovirus | Endogenous retroviral insertions]] - These are inactivated viral genes believed to have been inserted by ancient [[retrovirus]]es. Having the same retrovirus inserted in the same location between two species can be explained by common descent. − − *[[Pseudogene]]s - These are genes that no longer code for a protein due to a [[mutation]]. Species often share the same pseudogene, with the same inactivating mutation. A famous example of this is the [[L-gulonolactone oxidase]] which synthesizes vitamin c; humans and all simians share this pseudogene, but the guinea pig which also has an inactivated L-gulonolactone oxidase gene has a different mutation. − − *The convergence of [[phylogenetic tree]]s using anatomical homology, DNA homology, pseudogenes, endogenous retroviral insertions, and many other methods all converge on a similar looking tree. There are slight differences but the general relationships of the tree are intact. If all of these methods were flawed you would not expect each of them to converge on the same tree. − − *[[Embryology]] - The [[pharyngula]] stage of embryonic development appears to be highly conserved over time. At this stage it is difficult to tell the difference between various vertebrate species. − − ==Objections to common descent==
removed propaganda
:"When I view all beings not as special creations, but as the lineal descendants of some few beings which lived long before the first bed of the [[Silurian]] system was deposited, they seem to me to become ennobled."
:"When I view all beings not as special creations, but as the lineal descendants of some few beings which lived long before the first bed of the [[Silurian]] system was deposited, they seem to me to become ennobled."
==Arguments for common descent==
==Common Descent Unplausible==
Dr. Jonathon Wells published a book in 2002 entitled ''[[Icons of Evolution]]''. Dr. Wells says that "the best-known “evidences” for Darwin’s theory have been exaggerated, distorted or even faked."<ref>http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&id=1180</ref><ref>http://www.iconsofevolution.com/</ref><ref>http://www.discovery.org/articleFiles/PDFs/survivalOfTheFakest.pdf</ref>
Dr. Jonathon Wells published a book in 2002 entitled ''[[Icons of Evolution]]''. Dr. Wells says that "the best-known “evidences” for Darwin’s theory have been exaggerated, distorted or even faked."<ref>http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&id=1180</ref><ref>http://www.iconsofevolution.com/</ref><ref>http://www.discovery.org/articleFiles/PDFs/survivalOfTheFakest.pdf</ref>