Changes

==Main mechanisms of gene transfer in prokaryotes==

==Main mechanisms of gene transfer in prokaryotes==

   

   

HGT between distant microbial phyla is mediated by [[bacteriophages]], [[plasmids]], [[transposons]], and specialized cellular DNA uptake mechanisms. These mechanisms  usually categorized with the following commonly used technical terms:

HGT between distant microbial phyla is mediated by [[bacteriophages]], [[plasmids]], [[transposons]], and specialized DNA uptake mechanisms. These mechanisms  usually categorized with the following:

* '''Bacterial transformation''' , the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the introduction, uptake and expression of foreign genetic material, generally  [[DNA]] (see this  [http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/biology/archive/animations/hires/a_infect3_h.html animation with audio explanation]). This process is relatively common in certain naturally transformable bacteria, such as the soil bacterium ''Bacillus subtilis''.  Transformation is often used as a biotechnology to insert novel genes into bacteria for scientific research experiments, or for industrial or medical applications.   

* '''Bacterial transformation''' , the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the introduction, uptake and expression of foreign genetic material, generally  [[DNA]] (see this  [http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/biology/archive/animations/hires/a_infect3_h.html animation with audio explanation]). This process is relatively common in certain naturally transformable bacteria, such as the soil bacterium ''Bacillus subtilis''.  Transformation is often used as a biotechnology to insert novel genes into bacteria for scientific research experiments, or for industrial or medical applications.