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==The wild olive branch==
 
==The wild olive branch==
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The church in Rome was began as a Jewish fellowship, started by those who returned from Pentecost in Jerusalem,<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%202%20;&version=9; Acts 2]</ref> not by an [[apostle]] As these Jewish believers evangelized, many Gentile believers joined them. Around 50 AD [[Claudius]] banished many Jews from Rome,<ref>Barclay, John M. G.; Hooker, Morna Dorothy and McMurdo, John Philip (ed.) "Early Christian Thought in Its Jewish Context" (Cambridge University Press; 2007) ISBN 0-5210-4412-X</ref> leaving the church entirely Gentile. Twelve years later [[Nero]] invited the Jews back to stimulate trade. However the Gentiles refused to allow the Messianic Jewish believers back into the church, having concluded that Claudius' rejection signified God's rejection, which is probably the first appearance of [[Replacement Theology]].<ref>[http://fp.thebeers.f9.co.uk/olive.htm ''The Olive Tree and the wild olive branch''] "The Wild Olive Branch" Accessed 18 February 2008</ref>
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The church in Rome was begun as a Jewish fellowship, started by those who returned from Pentecost in Jerusalem,<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%202%20;&version=9; Acts 2]</ref> not by an [[apostle]]. As these Jewish believers evangelized, many Gentile believers joined them. Around 50 AD [[Claudius]] banished many Jews from Rome,<ref>Barclay, John M. G.; Hooker, Morna Dorothy and McMurdo, John Philip (ed.) "Early Christian Thought in Its Jewish Context" (Cambridge University Press; 2007) ISBN 0-5210-4412-X</ref> leaving the church entirely Gentile. Twelve years later [[Nero]] invited the Jews back to stimulate trade. However the Gentiles refused to allow the Messianic Jewish believers back into the church, having concluded that Claudius' rejection signified God's rejection, which is probably the first appearance of [[Replacement Theology]].<ref>[http://fp.thebeers.f9.co.uk/olive.htm ''The Olive Tree and the wild olive branch''] "The Wild Olive Branch" Accessed 18 February 2008</ref>
    
[[Paul]]'s [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans%209-11;&version=9; letter to the Roman church] addresses this matter, and he urges them to remember that they are like a "wild olive tree, grafted in" among the Jews, and warns them against "conceit", particularly as it is the Jewish root which supported their Christian branch. ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans%2011:17,18,25;&version=9; Romans 11:17,18,25])
 
[[Paul]]'s [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans%209-11;&version=9; letter to the Roman church] addresses this matter, and he urges them to remember that they are like a "wild olive tree, grafted in" among the Jews, and warns them against "conceit", particularly as it is the Jewish root which supported their Christian branch. ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans%2011:17,18,25;&version=9; Romans 11:17,18,25])
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==Messianic Judaism in the 19th century==
 
==Messianic Judaism in the 19th century==
 
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==Notable Messianic Jews==
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<small>Source:<ref>[http://www.messianicassociation.org/profiles.htm ''A Historical Survey of Prominent Jewish Believers in Messiah Yeshua''] The Association of Messianic Congregations. Source document also includes potted biographies. Accessed 18 February 2008</ref></small><br>
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*Rabbi Alfonso de Zamora 
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*Johannes Isaac 
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*Malachi ben Samuel
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*Giovanni Jonas 
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*Esdras Edzard
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*John Xeres
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*Rabbi Judah Monis
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*Rabbi Seelig Bunzlau
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*[[Uranus|William Herschel]]
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*Joseph von Sonnenfels
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*Joseph Samuel Frey
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*August Neander (David Mendel)
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*Isaac da Costa
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*Rabbi Michael Solomon Alexander
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*[[Felix Mendelssohn]]
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*Joachim Raphael Biesenthal
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*Carl Paul Caspari
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*David Gustav Hertz
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*Daniel Landsmann
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*[[Benjamin Disraeli]]
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*Isaac Salkinson
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*Joseph Schereschewsky
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*Alfred Edersheim
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*Joseph Rabinowitz
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*Rabbi Leopold Cohn
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*Louis Meyer
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*David Ginsburg
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*Rabbi Max Wertheimer
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*Rabbi Isaac Lichtenstein (Chief Rabbi of Hungary)
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*Arthur Kuldell
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*Max Reich
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*[[Niels Bohr]]
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*Henri Bergson
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*Hans Herzl (son of Theodore Herzl, founder of modern [[Zionism]])
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*Rabbi Haham Ephraim ben Joseph Eliakim
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*Sir Leon Levison
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*Morris Zeidman
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*Rabbi Israel Zolli (Chief Rabbi of Rome)
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*Karl Stern
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*Dr. Boris Kornfeld
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*Ernest Cassutto
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*Howard Phillips
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*Dr. David Block
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*Andrew Mark Barron
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*Mortimer Adler
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*Bernard Nathanson
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*Jay Sekulow
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*Lawrence Kudlow
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*Richard Wurmbrand
    
==References==
 
==References==
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