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→Fallacies of Relevance: clean up, fill out, standardize
===Appeal to force===
===Appeal to force===
ad baculum
An appeal to force (Lat: ''argumentum ad baculum'') is an argument which uses a threat of violence or force as a justification for the conclusion. An appeal to force argument follows the form:
*If person A does not accept P, then Q
*Q is a threat of force
*Therefore P is true
For example: "If you do not pay me $30 I will break your leg. Therefore you owe me $30."
===Appeal to pity===
===Appeal to pity===
Also called emotional appeal, (Lat: ''ad misericordiam'') this fallacy is characterized by a use of emotion as a justification for the conclusion. An appeal to pity follows the form:
*Person A argues that P
*Circumstance Q has happened to person P
*Therefore P is true
For example: "Yes, officer, I realize I was speeding, but you shouldn't give me a ticket because I was racing to see my wife who is in the hospital." While this argument uses an emotional appeal to convince the officer not to hand out a citation, there is no logical connection between the premise ("you shouldn't give me a ticket") and the conclusion ("I was racing to see my wife").
===Argumentum ad hominem===
===Argumentum ad hominem===