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→19th century
Over a five-month campaign, the German armies defeated the French army in a series of battles fought across northern France. Following a prolonged siege, the French capital Paris fell on January 28, 1871. The French admission of defeat, the Treaty of Frankfurt was signed May 10, 1871, during the time of the bloody Paris Commune of 1871.
Over a five-month campaign, the German armies defeated the French army in a series of battles fought across northern France. Following a prolonged siege, the French capital Paris fell on January 28, 1871. The French admission of defeat, the Treaty of Frankfurt was signed May 10, 1871, during the time of the bloody Paris Commune of 1871.
* '''Sino-French War''' <br>
The Sino-French War (also called the Tonkin War) was fought between France and [[China]] over [[Indochina]]. France had already established a colony in southern Indochina, but was expanding northward, bringing it into conflict with China, which controlled the city of [[Hanoi]] and the surrounding province of Tonkin. The war began in 1883, and French forces won a series of victories against the Chinese and soon captured Hanoi. A proposed peace treaty would have made Tonkin a joint Sino-French protectorate, but continued fighting led France to demand more concessions, which China rejected. The Chinese army was able to hold off French incursions into southern China, but on August 23, 1884, French cruisers and gunboats destroyed the Chinese fleet at the Roads of Foochow in central China. French losses in the battle were slight. The Chinese were forced to surrender Tonkin, and peace was concluded on June 9, 1885.<ref>Battle, by R.G. Grant, DK Publishing, 2005</ref><ref>A History of War at Sea, by Helmut Pemsel, Naval Institute Press, 1975</ref>
==20th century==
==20th century==