Difference between revisions of "Covariance"

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The covariance between two [[random variables]] ''X'' and ''Y'', having [[expected value]]s <math>\mu</math> and <math>\nu</math> respectively, is as follows:
 
The covariance between two [[random variables]] ''X'' and ''Y'', having [[expected value]]s <math>\mu</math> and <math>\nu</math> respectively, is as follows:
  
−
: <math>\operatorname{Cov}(X, Y) = \operatorname{E}((X - \mu) (Y - \nu)), \,</math>
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: <math>\operatorname{Cov}(X, Y) = \operatorname{E}[(X - \mu) (Y - \nu)], \,</math>
  
 
where E is the operator for the [[expected value]].  
 
where E is the operator for the [[expected value]].  

Revision as of 01:47, July 1, 2008

Covariance measures how much two random variables vary together relative to each other. If two variables tend to vary in the same direction, then they have a positive covariance. If they tend to vary in opposite directions, then they have a negative covariance.

The covariance between two random variables X and Y, having expected values <math>\mu</math> and <math>\nu</math> respectively, is as follows:

<math>\operatorname{Cov}(X, Y) = \operatorname{E}[(X - \mu) (Y - \nu)], \,</math>

where E is the operator for the expected value.

If X and Y are completely independent from each other, then they have zero covariance.

Note that if X and Y have covariance zero, they are uncorrelated but are not necessarily independent.