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American History Lecture Eleven (view source)

Revision as of 16:10, November 18, 2008

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== Cold War ==
 
== Cold War ==
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Truman Doctrine "1947: Truman pledges economic aid for democratic countries opposing communism, beginning w/ Greece & Turkey"
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The "Cold War" began with the communist Soviet Union after the end of World War II.  It was a "war" in the sense that the United States and the Soviet Union were enemies every bit as much as two sides to an actual war are.  Communists were (and are) determined to end the American form of government, with its freedoms.  This "war" was "cold", however, because no soldiers fired any shots directly against the real enemy.  Instead, this "war" was fought through spies, nuclear armament, installing missiles directed at the other side, and gaining influence and control over smaller countries to achieve a strategic advantage.
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George Kennan/Containment "1947: State Dept official Kennan publishes US goal to ""contain"" Communism, underlay Cold War"
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In 1947, President Truman announced what has become known as "Truman Doctrine." He pledged economic aid for democratic countries opposing communism, beginning with Greece and Turkey.  Also in 1947, an official in the United States State Department (the agency that handles foreign policy) named George Kennan published a new policy for dealing with communism:  "containment".  Its approach was to contain communism to where it already existed and not allow it to spread further to other countries.  This underlay the Cold War.
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National Security Act/Council 1947: estab. Council as advisory body to President on national security issues; used CIA as info-gatherer organiz.
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That same year, 1947, saw the founding of two important government groups to defend the security of the United States against foreign enemies.  The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was created in order to gather "intelligence" (key information) outside the United States through "overt and covert" methods.  In simple terms, it is a spy agency.  It uses information collected by other United States agencies (hence its name "central intelligence") and set goals for "intelligence" gathering.  It has become an object of controversy and many Hollywood movies!  In addition, the National Security Act established the National Security Council as an advisory body to the president on national security issues.  It uses the CIA to gather information for it.
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Central Intelligence Agency "1947: Gathers intelligence through ""overt and covert"" methods; uses info collected by all agencies; sets intell. goals"
      
"""Iron Curtain""" 1945-90: Churchill's phrase to describe Communist capture of East. Europe nations
 
"""Iron Curtain""" 1945-90: Churchill's phrase to describe Communist capture of East. Europe nations
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