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3) The probability or rate of reproduction must be somehow dependent on a heritable trait of the individual (where a heritable trait is one that is more likely to be present in an individual's offspring than it is in the general population).
 
3) The probability or rate of reproduction must be somehow dependent on a heritable trait of the individual (where a heritable trait is one that is more likely to be present in an individual's offspring than it is in the general population).
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In any such system, individuals whose traits allow them to reproduce more effectively will soon come to dominate the population.
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In any such system, individuals whose traits allow them to reproduce more effectively will soon come to dominate the population.  Although we may regard this as self-evident today, it was Darwin's groundbreaking insight and experimentation that allows us to do so.
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Natural selection has been called a tautology because it follows from its definition, and because it has no observable consequences by itself that anyone has ever tested against an alternate theory.
      
==Variation and Randomness==
 
==Variation and Randomness==