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==20th century writers==

==20th century writers==

Influential writers who have reached wide audiences including [[H. G. Wells]], [[Oswald Spengler]], [[Arnold J. Toynbee]], [[Pitirim Sorokin]], [[Christopher Dawson]]<ref> Bradley J. Birzer, ''Sanctifying the World: The Augustinian Life and Mind of Christopher Dawson'' (2007) </ref>, and [[Lewis Mumford]]. Scholars working the field include [[Eric Voegelin]]<ref>  Michael P. Federici, ''Eric Voegelin: The Restoration of Order'' (2002) </ref>, [[William H. McNeill]] and Michael Mann.<ref>  Michael Mann, ''The Sources of Social Power: Volume 1, A History of Power from the Beginning to AD 1760'' (1986) [http://www.amazon.com/Sources-Social-Power-History-Beginning/dp/052131349X/ref=pd_bbs_sr_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207300235&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search] </ref>.

Influential writers who have reached wide audiences including [[H. G. Wells]], [[Oswald Spengler]], [[Arnold J. Toynbee]], [[Pitirim Sorokin]], [[Christopher Dawson]]<ref> Bradley J. Birzer, ''Sanctifying the World: The Augustinian Life and Mind of Christopher Dawson'' (2007) </ref>, and [[Lewis Mumford]]. Recent scholars working the field include [[Eric Voegelin]]<ref>  Michael P. Federici, ''Eric Voegelin: The Restoration of Order'' (2002) </ref>, [[William H. McNeill]] and Michael Mann.  Most of them (except Wells, Mumford and Mann) have been political conservatives.<ref>  Michael Mann, ''The Sources of Social Power: Volume 1, A History of Power from the Beginning to AD 1760'' (1986) [http://www.amazon.com/Sources-Social-Power-History-Beginning/dp/052131349X/ref=pd_bbs_sr_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207300235&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search] </ref>.

[[Oswald Spengler|Spengler's]] ''Decline of the West'' (2 vol 1919-1922) compared nine organic cultures: Egyptian (3400 BC-1200 BC), Indian (1500 BC-1100 BC), Chinese (1300 BC-AD 200), Classical (1100 BC-400 BC), Byzantine (AD 300-1100), Aztec (AD 1300-1500), Arabian (AD 300-1250), Mayan (AD 600-960), and Western (AD 900-1900). His book was a smashing success among intellectuals worldwide as it predicted the disintegration of European and American civilization after a violent "age of Caesarism," arguing by detailed analogies with other civilizations. It deepened the post-World War I pessimism in Europe, and was warmly received by intellectuals in China, India and Latin America who hoped his predictions of the collapse of European empires would soon come true.<ref> Neil McInnes, "The Great Doomsayer: Oswald Spengler Reconsidered." ''National Interest'' 1997 (48): 65-76. Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]</ref>

[[Oswald Spengler|Spengler's]] ''Decline of the West'' (2 vol 1919-1922) compared nine organic cultures: Egyptian (3400 BC-1200 BC), Indian (1500 BC-1100 BC), Chinese (1300 BC-AD 200), Classical (1100 BC-400 BC), Byzantine (AD 300-1100), Aztec (AD 1300-1500), Arabian (AD 300-1250), Mayan (AD 600-960), and Western (AD 900-1900). His book was a smashing success among intellectuals worldwide as it predicted the disintegration of European and American civilization after a violent "age of Caesarism," arguing by detailed analogies with other civilizations. It deepened the post-World War I pessimism in Europe, and was warmly received by intellectuals in China, India and Latin America who hoped his predictions of the collapse of European empires would soon come true.<ref> Neil McInnes, "The Great Doomsayer: Oswald Spengler Reconsidered." ''National Interest'' 1997 (48): 65-76. Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]</ref>