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This theory was initially proposed by [[Charles Darwin]] in [[The Origin of Species]] and then heavily promoted by the German Darwinist, [[Ernst Haeckel]].  In 1904, Haeckel reiterated a view of Darwin:  "These lower races ... are psychologically nearer to the mammals (apes or dogs) than to civilized Europeans; we must, therefore, assign a totally different value to their lives."  <ref>Ernst Haeckel, The Wonders of Life (New York: Harper 1904), 56-57 (emphasis added).</ref>

This theory was initially proposed by [[Charles Darwin]] in [[The Origin of Species]] and then heavily promoted by the German Darwinist, [[Ernst Haeckel]].  In 1904, Haeckel reiterated a view of Darwin:  "These lower races ... are psychologically nearer to the mammals (apes or dogs) than to civilized Europeans; we must, therefore, assign a totally different value to their lives."  <ref>Ernst Haeckel, The Wonders of Life (New York: Harper 1904), 56-57 (emphasis added).</ref>

Haeckel drew diagrams suggesting that a animal, including a human, imitates the shapes of its ancestors' evolution as it develops in the womb.  He then drew fraudulent images to popularize his theory.  The drawings, shown to the right here, were a complete fake.<ref>http://www.truthinscience.org.uk/site/content/view/49/65/</ref>

Haeckel drew diagrams suggesting that an animal, including a human, imitates the shapes of its ancestors' evolution as it develops in the womb.  He then drew fraudulent images to popularize his theory.  The drawings, shown to the right here, were a complete fake.<ref>http://www.truthinscience.org.uk/site/content/view/49/65/</ref>

The Haeckel diagrams remained in school textbooks long after scientists privately recognized they were [[deceit|fraudulent]].  The diagrams were not removed from textbooks until the New York Times publicized the fraud in 2001.<ref>James Glanz, "Illustrations More Fiction Than Fact," New York Times (April 8, 2001).[http://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/08/science/08EVOL.html?ex=1184644800&en=b264988a2bf17108&ei=5070]</ref>

The Haeckel diagrams remained in school textbooks long after scientists privately recognized they were [[deceit|fraudulent]].  The diagrams were not removed from textbooks until the New York Times publicized the fraud in 2001.<ref>James Glanz, "Illustrations More Fiction Than Fact," New York Times (April 8, 2001).[http://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/08/science/08EVOL.html?ex=1184644800&en=b264988a2bf17108&ei=5070]</ref>