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==Origins of imagery==
 
==Origins of imagery==
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According to PBS,
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The "father of American minstrelsy" was Thomas Dartmouth "Daddy" Rice, who, between 1828 and 1831, developed a song-and-dance routine in which he impersonated an old, crippled black slave, dubbed Jim Crow. <ref>http://www.pitt.edu/~amerimus/minstrel.htm</ref>
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:On the eve of the Civil War, the universal image of the silly Jim Crow minstrel character provided southern [[white]]s with one of many stereotypical images of black inferiority that were a fundamental component of white popular culture. By the 1890s, the term had come to mean the separation of blacks from whites and the general customs and laws that subordinated blacks as an inferior people. <ref>http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/glossary.cgi</ref>
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The Center for American Music says:
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On the eve of the Civil War, the universal image of the silly Jim Crow minstrel character provided one of many stereotypical images of black inferiority that were a fundamental component of white popular culture. By the 1890s, the term had come to mean the separation of blacks from whites and the general customs and laws that subordinated blacks as an inferior people. <ref>http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/glossary.cgi</ref>
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:The "father of American minstrelsy" was Thomas Dartmouth "Daddy" Rice, who, between 1828 and 1831, developed a song-and-dance routine in which he impersonated an old, crippled black slave, dubbed Jim Crow. <ref>http://www.pitt.edu/~amerimus/minstrel.htm</ref>
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The phrase "Jim Crow" is also commonly used to refer to race relations in the American south before the advent of the [[Civil Rights]] movement, as well as to the laws which codified and maintained those relations.
   
==Basic further reading==
 
==Basic further reading==
 
* Bond, Horace Mann. “The Extent and Character of Separate Schools in the United States.” ''Journal of Negro Education'' 4(July 1935):321–27. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2984(193507)4%3A3%3C321%3ATEACOS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W in JSTOR], by a leading black scholar
 
* Bond, Horace Mann. “The Extent and Character of Separate Schools in the United States.” ''Journal of Negro Education'' 4(July 1935):321–27. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2984(193507)4%3A3%3C321%3ATEACOS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W in JSTOR], by a leading black scholar
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