Difference between revisions of "United States of America"

Revision as of 23:50, September 17, 2009

oh noes im a commie

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-{{Country
+oh noes im a commie
-|name           =''United States of America''
-|map	        =US map.PNG
-|map2           =Loc of United States.png
-|established=1776
-|flag	        =50 star flag.png
-|arms	        =United States arms.png
-|capital	=Washington, D.C.
-|government	=Federal Republic
-|language	=English
-|official =n
-|president	=Barack Hussein Obama
-|area	        =3,718,695 sq mi
-|pop	        =301,554,000 (2007)
-|gdp-year	=$13.049 trillion (2007
-|gdp-pc	        =$44,333 (2007)
-|currency	=dollar
-}}
-The '''United States of America''' (commonly referred to as '''the United States''', '''the USA''', '''the US''', '''the States''', or simply as '''America''') is a North American nation that consists of a federal union of fifty individual states, along with territories and a capital district.  Founded originally as 13 colonies in the [[British Empire]], they united to become a nation on July 4, 1776 with the [[Declaration of Independence]]. After defeating Britain in the [[American Revolutionary War|War of Independence]], the U.S. expanded westward thanks to rapid growth from high birth rates, low death rates and high immigration from Europe and  Africa (slaves). It wrote a Constitution in 1787 that remains in effect today and is based on [[republican]] political principles. The Americans created the world's first political parties, and, since abolishing slavery in a bloody [[American Civil War|civil war]] in the 1860s, has been committed to democracy at home and abroad. Its capitalist economy grew rapidly, becoming the largest in the world by the 1870s. After defeating Communism in the [[Cold War]], the U.S. emerged as the world's only [[superpower]], boasting the largest economy and most powerful military. It exerts enormous cutural and intellectual influence worldwide, and in return is the target of the enemies of democracy and capitalism.
-==Overview==
-The United States has borders with [[Canada]] and [[Mexico]]. It is otherwise bounded by the [[Pacific Ocean]], the Bering Sea, the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea. Two of the fifty states, [[Alaska]], an exclave, and [[Hawaii]], an archipelago, are not contiguous with any of the other states.  Puerto Rico, which is largely self governing, is part of the U.S., as are several smaller territories in the Pacific Ocean, such as Guam. Each of the 50 states has a certain level of sovereignty under the federal system.
-At over 3.7 million square miles (over 9.6 million km²), the U.S. (including its non-contiguous and overseas states and territories) is the third largest country by total area. It is the world's third most populous nation, with over 350 million people.
-==The Constitution and Politics in the United States==
-[[Image:76485685i79.jpg|left|thumb|300px|The drafting committee presenting the [[Declaration of Independence]] to the [[Continental Congress]], painted by John Trumbull 1817–1819.]]
-Between 1776 and 1788, the United States was governed according to the [[Articles of Confederation]].  The [[Founding Fathers]] formally established the current structure of the United States by ratification of the [[U.S. Constitution]] in 1788. Since 1789, that constitution has been the basic governing document.
-The U.S. is politically dedicated to [[republicanism]] with its commitment to civic virtue, and opposition to corruption and aristocracy. Another characteristic is its strong emphasis on [[federalism]] and states' rights. The United States invented popular parties in the 1790s; currently the two major political parties are the [[Democratic Party]], and the [[Republican Party]]. Minor parties are of little importance.
-=== The Role of Religion in Government ===
-see [[Religion and U.S. Government]]
-==History==
-===Thirteen Colonies===
-see [[Thirteen Colonies]]  [[Image:Pop1750.jpg|thumb|400px]]
-===American Revolution===
-see [[American Revolution]]
-The American Revolution arose from the conjunction of multiple factors.  The British victory in the French and Indian War ended the threat that foreign powers might attack the colonies; Britain's protection was no longer needed. At the same time Britain needed revenue to pay the war debts, and looked to the rich, fast-growing colonies for funding. The fatal mistake was to not ask the colonial legislatures; instead Britain imposed taxes without consultation.
-Meanwhile the Americans had been adopting a new political philosophy, called [[republicanism]] that stressed civic virtue, fear of corruption, and disdain for aristocracy (there were no aristocrats in America apart from occasional British visitors). Republicanism alerted Americans to their constitutional rights as Englishmen--one right was the people through their elected officials set the taxes.  To Americans this meant their colonial legislatures, because they were not represented in the British Parliament. The British replied haughtily that Americans were "virtually represented" somehow. The tax on stamps in 1765 incited near rebellion, as the 13 separate colonies began meeting together and sharing their grievances. The stamp tax was repealed but others followed, especially the tax on tea. Americans boycotted tea and merchants refused to order it, except in Boston. There a well-organized group of patriots dumped the tea in the harbor at the [[Boston Tea Party]]. London was livid and sent troops and stripped Massachusetts of its self government and suspended the historic rights the colonists were so proud of. Now all 13 colonies started organizing shadow governments called "Committees of Correspondence" that prepared for the day "patriots" 9or "Whigs") as they called themselves could assume all functions of local government. That day came when the British sent troops from Boston to seize gunpowder and the patriots gathered there.  The American "Minute men" (militia) had trained and planned for the day and they back at Lexington and Concord, and defeated elite British troops. The war had begun.
-The 13 colonies, now organized as the "Continental COngress" now became a national government, as the shadow governments in each colony took control and ousted all royal officials. Congress set up a Continental Army and gave command to Virginia leader [[George Washington]]. he took charge in Boston, and forced the British to leave in spring 1776.  All 13 colonies were now under Patriot control, and they listened as [[Tom Paine]] explained in ''Common Sense'' that America was a strong and powerful nation in its own right and no longer needed a foreign king. Congress called on the colonies to make themselves states and write new constitutions. On July 4, 1776, Congress unanimously declared the independence of a new nation, the United States of America.
-King [[George III]] could not abide the insolent Americans and he sent his small army and large navy to reconquer his lost colonies.  They did capture New York City, but little else. The powerful Royal navy gave the British command of the seas and the ability to land troops anywhere and capture any specific place, but the shortage of British soldiers, and the very long 3000 mile supply line, meant that the British could only hold a few points at any one time. Hiring German soldiers (Hessians) was necessary, but they were not enough, for the Patriots always had more available soldiers. The British expectations that Loyalist would rise up and overthrow the Patriots was a chimera; the Loyalists did provide some help to British invasion forces, but were never strong enough to operate on their own or control any territory.
-France, humiliated by Britain in the 1760s, was stronger now and wanted revenge. It secretly armed and financed the Americans.  In 1777 the British sent a large army to invade New York and cut off the revolutionary states of New England. The plan was a disaster as the American militia captured the entire British invasion force at Saratoga. Encouraged by diplomat [[Benjamin Franklin]], the French now recognized the United States, signed a treaty of alliance, and entered the war against Britain. Later it brought in Span and the Netherlands as allies; Britain's diplomacy was so bad that it had no allies at all, and now was militarily matched or surpassed by the allies.  The British invasion of the South in 178-81 was designed to bring out Loyalist support, but it failed and the second major British army was captured at thew [[Battle of Yorktown]]. The British Parliament revolted at their reckless king and his incompetent government and sued for peace, which was achieved on terms favorable to the U.S. in 1783. About 20% of the Loyalists removed to Canada, but the others stayed, and the new peaceful nation resumed its rapid growth.
-=== New Nation===
-In 1783, when the Treaty of Paris concluded the war of independence, the American population totalled some three million citizens and slaves living on about one million square miles of land.  Tens of thousands of [[Native Americans]] also lived in the [[Northwest Territory]] and the Southwest.
-The Thirteen original states are [[Connecticut]], [[Delaware]], [[Georgia]], [[Maryland]], [[Massachusetts]] (including [[maine]]), [[New Hampshire]], [[New Jersey]], [[New York]], [[North Carolina]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[Rhode Island]], [[South Carolina]] and [[Virginia]].  In 1790, an agreement between supporters of Jefferson and those of [[Alexander Hamilton]] resulted in the creation of the [[District of Columbia]] from part of [[Maryland]]; it has served as the national capital since 1800.  The remainder of the 1783 territory was eventually organized as the states of [[Ohio]], [[Indiana]], [[Michigan]], [[Illinois]], [[Wisconsin]], [[Kentucky]], [[Tennessee]], [[Mississippi]] and [[Alabama]].
-=== Expansion===
-In 1803, [[French]] emperor [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] took advantage of a lull in his war with Great Britain to sell the [[Louisiana Territory]] to the United States, more than doubling the nation's land area.  This territory would later be organized as the states of [[Minnesota]], [[North Dakota]], [[South Dakota]], [[Montana]], [[Wyoming]], [[Nebraska]], [[Iowa]], [[Missouri]], [[Arkansas]], [[Kansas]], [[Oklahoma]], and [[Louisiana]] proper.  President Jefferson commissioned [[Lewis and Clark]] to explore the new territory from 1802 to 1804.
-The U.S. seized, then purchased [[Florida]] from Spain in 1819. [[Texas]] joined the United States in 1845 after winning its revolution against Mexico.
-After victory the [[Mexican American War]] of 1846-48, the U.S. purchased via the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] territory that became the states of [[California]], [[Nevada]], [[Utah]], [[Colorado]], [[New Mexico]] and [[Arizona]].  In 1846 the U.S. and Britain agreed that the 49th Parallel (degree of latitude) would serve as the boundary between the U. S. and [[British Columbia]] (now part of Canada). The American portion became the states of [[Washington]], [[Oregon]] and [[Idaho]].
-In 1867, the U.S. purchased [[Alaska]] from [[Russia]]. It became a state in 1960.
-Hawaii became an independent republic in 1894 and voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898, becoming a state in 1960.
-As a result of the [[Spanish-American War]], in which the United States took control of the [[Philippines]] and annexed [[Puerto Rico]] and [[Guam]].  The Phillipines became independent in 1946, after the U.S. reconquered the islands from Japan in World War II. [[Puerto Rico]] has occasionally held referenda that ratified its continuing unique "Commonwealth" status as part of the United States.  The residents of Puerto Rico are U.S. citizens.  Guam continues as a U.S. owned territory with full citizenship for its inhabitants. The people of Puerto Rico and Guam have a vote in presidential primaries and a voice, but not a vote, in Congress.
-[[Image:56eugyjnm.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The [[White House]], the official home and workplace of the [[President of the United States]] of America.]]
-== See Also: ==
-*[[Flag of the United States of America]]
-*[[Pledge of Allegiance]]
-*[[Famous American artists]]
-*[[List of 50 states]]
-*[[Americas]]
-*[[America (continent)]]
-== External links ==
-*[http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/america.htm America]
-*[http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/flags_of_us_states.htm Flags of the U.S. States]
-*[http://www.pibmug.com/files/map_test.swf Interactive map test of the 50 U.S. states]
-== References ==
-{{reflist|2}}
-{{USstates}}
-{{Nb US universities}}
-[[Category:North American Countries]]
-[[Category:NATO members]]
-[[Category:United States]]
-[[Category:Featured articles]]

Difference between revisions of "United States of America"

Revision as of 23:50, September 17, 2009

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