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The '''Grange''' or '''Patrons of Husbandry''' is an American organization of farmers that originated in New York in 1873 and is still active. It is also active in Canada.
The '''Grange''' or '''Patrons of Husbandry''' is an American organization of farmers that was founded by Oliver H. Kelley in 1867; it spread across the U.S. and canada, and is still active. Grangers were modernizers who wanted to use modern science to make the farms more efficient and business-like. The used the county fair and state fair as an important agent of modernization, demonstrating to farmers the latest in agricultural equipment and techniques, in addition to providing political speeches from a great variety of persuasions, and different types of entertainment for every member of the family.
[[File:Yeoman.jpg|thumb|300px|romantic image of hard-working, prosperous, independent yeoman farmer; from 1873 Grange poster]]
[[File:Yeoman.jpg|thumb|300px|romantic image of hard-working, prosperous, independent yeoman farmer; from 1873 Grange poster]]
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Barnes, William D. "Oliver Hudson Kelley and the Genesis of the Grange: A Reappraisal," ''Agricultural History,'' Vol. 41, No. 3 (Jul., 1967), pp. 229-242 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3740337 in JSTOR]
* Lownsbrough, John. ''The Privileged Few. The Grange and its People in Nineteenth Century Ontario'' (1980)
* Marti, Donald B. ''Women of the Grange: Mutuality and Sisterhood in Rural America, 1866-1920'' (1991)
* Marti, Donald B. ''Women of the Grange: Mutuality and Sisterhood in Rural America, 1866-1920'' (1991)
* Saloutos, Theodore. "The Grange in the South, 1870-1877," ''Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 19, No. 4 (Nov., 1953), pp. 473-487 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2955088 in JSTOR]
* Saloutos, Theodore. "The Grange in the South, 1870-1877," ''Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 19, No. 4 (Nov., 1953), pp. 473-487 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2955088 in JSTOR]
* Schneiberg, Marc et al. "Social Movements and Organizational Form: Cooperative Alternatives to Corporations in the American Insurance, Dairy, and Grain Industries," ''American Sociological Review'' 2008 73(4): 635-667, theoretical essay
* Schneiberg, Marc et al. "Social Movements and Organizational Form: Cooperative Alternatives to Corporations in the American Insurance, Dairy, and Grain Industries," ''American Sociological Review'' 2008 73(4): 635-667, theoretical essay
* Tontz, Robert L. "Memberships of General Farmers' Organizations, United States, 1874-1960," ''Agricultural History,'' Vol. 38, No. 3 (Jul., 1964), pp. 143-156 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3740434 in JSTOR] statistical tables showing membership in the Grange and other farm organizations by date and state and region
* Woods, Thomas A. ''''Knights of the Plow: Oliver H. Kelley and the Origins of the Grange in Republican Ideology'' (2002)
* Woods, Thomas A. ''''Knights of the Plow: Oliver H. Kelley and the Origins of the Grange in Republican Ideology'' (2002)
===Primary sources===
===Primary sources===
* Atkeson, Thomas Clark. ''Semi-centennial history of the Patrons of husbandry'' (1916) 364pp [http://books.google.com/books?id=ocJHAAAAIAAJ&dq=intitle:Patrons+intitle:of+intitle:Husbandry&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3 full text online]
* Atkeson, Thomas Clark. ''Semi-centennial history of the Patrons of husbandry'' (1916) 364pp [http://books.google.com/books?id=ocJHAAAAIAAJ&dq=intitle:Patrons+intitle:of+intitle:Husbandry&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3 full text online]
* Kelley, Oliver Hudson. ''Origin and progress of the order of the Patrons of Husbandry in the United States'' (1875) 441pp [http://books.google.com/books?id=gd9nAAAAMAAJ&dq=intitle:Patrons+intitle:of+intitle:Husbandry&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3 fill text online]
* Kelley, Oliver Hudson. ''Origin and progress of the order of the Patrons of Husbandry in the United States'' (1875) 441pp [http://books.google.com/books?id=gd9nAAAAMAAJ&dq=intitle:Patrons+intitle:of+intitle:Husbandry&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3 full text online]
* [http://books.google.com/books?as_q=&num=30&lr=&as_brr=0&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES&lr=&as_vt=Patrons+of+Husbandry&as_auth=&as_pub=&as_sub=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_isbn=&as_issn= full texts of primary sources on Grange]
* [http://books.google.com/books?as_q=&num=30&lr=&as_brr=0&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES&lr=&as_vt=Patrons+of+Husbandry&as_auth=&as_pub=&as_sub=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_isbn=&as_issn= full texts of primary sources on Grange]
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