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Urban renewal created much of the problem. In San Diego, California, the Centre City Development Corporation's urban renewal project in the Gaslamp Quarter began in 1968. Aimed at making the area a national historic district and bringing upper- and middle-class tourists and suburban residents to downtown San Diego, the project effectively displaced and disrupted thousands of elderly people, working-class poor, homeless, and others from this area of the city.<ref>Jordan Ervin, "Reinventing Downtown San Diego: a Spatial and Cultural Analysis of the Gaslamp Quarter," ''Journal of San Diego History'' 2007 53(4): 188-217, </ref>
Urban renewal created much of the problem. In San Diego, California, the Centre City Development Corporation's urban renewal project in the Gaslamp Quarter began in 1968. Aimed at making the area a national historic district and bringing upper- and middle-class tourists and suburban residents to downtown San Diego, the project effectively displaced and disrupted thousands of elderly people, working-class poor, homeless, and others from this area of the city.<ref>Jordan Ervin, "Reinventing Downtown San Diego: a Spatial and Cultural Analysis of the Gaslamp Quarter," ''Journal of San Diego History'' 2007 53(4): 188-217, </ref>
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* DePastino, Todd. ''Citizen Hobo: How a Century of Homelessness Shaped America.'' (2003). 325 pp. scholarly history
* Beier, A. L., and Paul Ocobock, eds. ''Cast Out: Vagrancy and Homelessness in Global and Historical Perspective'' (2009), international perspective [http://www.amazon.com/Cast-Out-Homelessness-Historical-Perspective/dp/0896802620/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258526111&sr=1-6 excerpt and text search]
* Kusmer, Kenneth L. ''Down and Out, on the Road: The Homeless in American History'' (2002). 368 pp. scholarly history
* DePastino, Todd. ''Citizen Hobo: How a Century of Homelessness Shaped America.'' (2003). 325 pp. scholarly history focused on images and impact on the non-homeless [http://www.amazon.com/Citizen-Hobo-Century-Homelessness-America/dp/0226143791/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258526069&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search]
* Kusmer, Kenneth L. ''Down and Out, on the Road: The Homeless in American History'' (2002). 368 pp. scholarly history [http://www.amazon.com/Down-Out-Road-Homeless-American/dp/0195160967/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258526285&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Link, B. et al. "Lifetime and five-year prevalence of homelessness in the United States" ''American Journal of Orthopsychiatry'', 1995 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1615395/pdf/amjph00463-0037.pdf online edition]
* Link, B. et al. "Lifetime and five-year prevalence of homelessness in the United States" ''American Journal of Orthopsychiatry'', 1995 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1615395/pdf/amjph00463-0037.pdf online edition]
* Rossi, Peter. ''Down and out in America: the origins of homelessness,'' (1989) [http://www.amazon.com/Down-Out-America-Origins-Homelessness/dp/0226728293/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258525779&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Rossi, Peter. ''Down and out in America: the origins of homelessness,'' (1989) [http://www.amazon.com/Down-Out-America-Origins-Homelessness/dp/0226728293/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258525779&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]