Changes

"[T]he war was to [Mao] an opportunity to have Chiang destroyed by the Japanese," agreed Jung Chang, a former member of Mao's Red Guards. "He ordered Red commanders to wait for Japanese troops to defeat the Nationalists, and then, to seize territories below the Japanese line."<ref>Jung Chang, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3EZwAAAAMAAJ Mao: The Unknown Story]'' (Jonathan Cape, 2005) ISBN 0-224-07126-2, p. 211</ref> As Mao put it, “Our determined policy is 70 percent self-development, 20 percent compromise, and 10 percent fight the Japanese”; in July-August 1943, 20,000 Chinese troops were wiped out at Shantung when attacked simultaneously by the Japanese from the north and the Communist rebels from the south.<ref>Robert Henry Winborne Welch, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=V_i2OwAACAAJ Again, May God Forgive Us]'' (Belmont, Wash.: Belmont Pub. Co., 1971), cited in James Perloff, "[http://www.thenewamerican.com/index.php/history/world/1464 China Betrayed Into Communism]," ''The New American,'' July 24, 2009; cf. Felix Wittmer, ''[http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/6315/yaltabet.html The Yalta Betrayal: Data on the Decline and Fall of Franklin Delano Roosevelt]'' (Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1961) p. 37</ref> Indeed, in May 1945, an [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) team code-named "Spaniel" that parachuted into China to link up with Communist forces was instead taken prisoner by the Communists, whom they found coexisting with Japanese troops. The Americans were held incommunicado until October, some two months after the end of the war. When finally freed, they reported, "The amount of actual fighting being carried on by the 8th R.A. [the “Eighth Route Army,” i.e., Communist Chinese rebels] has been grossly exaggerated. It was their policy to undertake no serious campaign against the Japanese..."<ref>Maochun Yu, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NJcolGHWfzoC OSS in China]'' (Yale University Press, 1997) ISBN 0300066988, pp. 220-223</ref> Even so [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-Diplo&month=0508&week=b&msg=TnHrvJBDZ3%2buWcV2D1Mwgw&user=&pw= ardent a pro-Communist] as Theodore White<ref>[[Edward C. Carter|Edward Carter]], head of the [[Attorney General's list|Communist front]] [[American Russian Institute]] confided to White&mdash;in the midst of the [[Nazi-Soviet pact]]&mdash;"A trusted member of the [[Institute of Pacific Relations|IPR]] staff is about to take a journey on my behalf to certain countries that are not too popular at the moment in [[Wall Street]] or in [[Jewish]] circles." (Edward C. Carter to Theodore H. White, January 8, 1940 [FBI file: [http://education-research.org/PDFs/IPR54.11.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations, Vol. 54, Sec. 11], PDF p. 120])</ref> would have to admit, "The Communists...claimed that they held down most of the Japanese troops in China and that they bore the main weight of resistance; this was untrue." In fact, wrote White, "it was the weary soldiers of the Central Government who bore the shock, gnawed at the enemy, and died."<ref>Theodore Harold White, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ipdPd6kY7XwC Thunder out of China]'' [Da Capo Press, 1980] ISBN 0306801280, p. 210)</ref>

"[T]he war was to [Mao] an opportunity to have Chiang destroyed by the Japanese," agreed Jung Chang, a former member of Mao's Red Guards. "He ordered Red commanders to wait for Japanese troops to defeat the Nationalists, and then, to seize territories below the Japanese line."<ref>Jung Chang, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3EZwAAAAMAAJ Mao: The Unknown Story]'' (Jonathan Cape, 2005) ISBN 0-224-07126-2, p. 211</ref> As Mao put it, “Our determined policy is 70 percent self-development, 20 percent compromise, and 10 percent fight the Japanese”; in July-August 1943, 20,000 Chinese troops were wiped out at Shantung when attacked simultaneously by the Japanese from the north and the Communist rebels from the south.<ref>Robert Henry Winborne Welch, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=V_i2OwAACAAJ Again, May God Forgive Us]'' (Belmont, Wash.: Belmont Pub. Co., 1971), cited in James Perloff, "[http://www.thenewamerican.com/index.php/history/world/1464 China Betrayed Into Communism]," ''The New American,'' July 24, 2009; cf. Felix Wittmer, ''[http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/6315/yaltabet.html The Yalta Betrayal: Data on the Decline and Fall of Franklin Delano Roosevelt]'' (Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1961) p. 37</ref> Indeed, in May 1945, an [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) team code-named "Spaniel" that parachuted into China to link up with Communist forces was instead taken prisoner by the Communists, whom they found coexisting with Japanese troops. The Americans were held incommunicado until October, some two months after the end of the war. When finally freed, they reported, "The amount of actual fighting being carried on by the 8th R.A. [the “Eighth Route Army,” i.e., Communist Chinese rebels] has been grossly exaggerated. It was their policy to undertake no serious campaign against the Japanese..."<ref>Maochun Yu, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NJcolGHWfzoC OSS in China]'' (Yale University Press, 1997) ISBN 0300066988, pp. 220-223</ref> Even so [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-Diplo&month=0508&week=b&msg=TnHrvJBDZ3%2buWcV2D1Mwgw&user=&pw= ardent a pro-Communist] as Theodore White<ref>[[Edward C. Carter|Edward Carter]], head of the [[Attorney General's list|Communist front]] [[American Russian Institute]] confided to White&mdash;in the midst of the [[Nazi-Soviet pact]]&mdash;"A trusted member of the [[Institute of Pacific Relations|IPR]] staff is about to take a journey on my behalf to certain countries that are not too popular at the moment in [[Wall Street]] or in [[Jewish]] circles." (Edward C. Carter to Theodore H. White, January 8, 1940 [FBI file: [http://education-research.org/PDFs/IPR54.11.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations, Vol. 54, Sec. 11], PDF p. 120])</ref> would have to admit, "The Communists...claimed that they held down most of the Japanese troops in China and that they bore the main weight of resistance; this was untrue." In fact, wrote White, "it was the weary soldiers of the Central Government who bore the shock, gnawed at the enemy, and died."<ref>Theodore Harold White, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ipdPd6kY7XwC Thunder out of China]'' [Da Capo Press, 1980] ISBN 0306801280, p. 210)</ref>

On July 30, 1944 Service wrote, "...the [[Communist]]s base their policy toward the [[Kuomintang]] on a real desire for democracy in [[China]] under which there can be orderly [[economic]] growth through a stage of private enterprise to eventual [[socialism]] without the need of [[violent]] social upheaval and [[revolution]]." <ref>E. J. Kahn, Jr., ''The China Hands: America's Foreign Service Officers and What Befell Them'', New York, 1972, pg. 118.</ref>

On July 30, 1944 Service wrote, "...the [[Communist]]s base their policy toward the [[Kuomintang]] on a real desire for democracy in [[China]] under which there can be orderly [[economic]] growth through a stage of private enterprise to eventual [[socialism]] without the need of [[violent]] social upheaval and [[revolution]]." <ref>E. J. Kahn, Jr., ''The China Hands: America's Foreign Service Officers and What Befell Them'', New York, 1972, pg. 118</ref> On June 6, 1945, he wrote to [[John Carter Vincent]], Chief of the State Department's Division of Chinese Affairs, that the Chinese Communists had a "moderate policy of preserving the interests of the middle class, including landlords and private business, and protection of the institution of private property and capitalism," and that "it is unnecessary and not likely for them to turn toward radicalism," concluding that "Kuomintang-Communist reconciliation seems more than ever to depend on Kuomintang concessions."<ref>Excerpts from Memorandum by Mr. John S. Service to the Chief of the Division of Chinese Affairs (John Carter Vincent), Washington, June 6, 1945, [http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=918 The Grand Alliance and the Future of China, 1945], TeachingHistory.org</ref>

 

Jonathan Mirsky, former East Asia editor for the ''Times'' of London, reported that shortly before his death in 1999, Service admitted to him that he “purposely ignored Mao's persecution, including executions, of his perceived enemies at Yan'an.” (Asked why he had “covered-up” for the Communists, Service confessed, "I wanted them to win.")<ref>Jonathan Mirsky, “[http://online.wsj.com/article_email/SB10001424052748704398304574598443437286438-lMyQjAxMDA5MDIwMTEyNDEyWj.html In Whose Service?]” ''The Wall Street Journal'', December 20, 2009</ref>

==Return to the U.S.==

==Return to the U.S.==