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→California: Oklahoma
In September 1938, Los Angeles Mayor Frank L. Shaw was removed from office in a reacall election after serving 14 years. This results was the major victory of a multi-interest urban reform movement that successfully portrayed Shaw as the despot of a corrupt political machine financed by big business and underworld interests. With the aid of a police scandal and the wealth of one recall leader, the reform candidate won a landslide victory. After the election, the reform coalition disintegrated when the various single-issue groups found that they were not the dominant influence in the new city administration.<ref> Thomas Joseph Sitton, ''Urban Politics and Reform in New Deal Los Angeles: the Recall of Mayor Frank L. Shaw,'' Ph.d. Dissertation , University of California, Riverside, in Proquest Dissertations & Theses: A&I</ref>
In September 1938, Los Angeles Mayor Frank L. Shaw was removed from office in a reacall election after serving 14 years. This results was the major victory of a multi-interest urban reform movement that successfully portrayed Shaw as the despot of a corrupt political machine financed by big business and underworld interests. With the aid of a police scandal and the wealth of one recall leader, the reform candidate won a landslide victory. After the election, the reform coalition disintegrated when the various single-issue groups found that they were not the dominant influence in the new city administration.<ref> Thomas Joseph Sitton, ''Urban Politics and Reform in New Deal Los Angeles: the Recall of Mayor Frank L. Shaw,'' Ph.d. Dissertation , University of California, Riverside, in Proquest Dissertations & Theses: A&I</ref>
===Oklahoma===
Recall has the same effect as impeachment. Disgruntled Oklahoma farmers and laborers handed left-wing radical Jack Walton an easy election victory in 1922 as governor. One scandal followed another--Walton's questionable administrative practices included payroll padding, jailhouse pardons, removal of college administrators, and an enormous increase in the governor's salary. The conservative elements successfully petitioned for a special legislative recall session. To regain the initiative, Walton retaliated by attacking Oklahoma's [[Ku Klux Klan]] with a ban on parades, declaration of martial law, and employment of outsiders to 'keep the peace.' He tried to call out the National Guard to block the legislature from holding the special session. That failed, and legislators charged Walton with corruption, impeached him, and removed him from office in 1923.<ref>Brad L. Duren, "'Klanspiracy' or Despotism? The Rise and Fall of Governor Jack Walton, Featuring W. D. McBee," ''Chronicles of Oklahoma'' 2002-03 80(4): 468-485, </ref>
==Further reading==
==Further reading==