Changes

==Death==

==Death==

The tide turned against Hiss in 1978, with the publication of Allan Weinstein's ''[[#refWeinstein78|Perjury]]'', which shifted the scholarly consensus to acceptance of Hiss' guilt.<ref>"[B]eginning with Allen Weinstein's ''Perjury'', the scholarly consensus has been that Hiss was guilty." Edward A. Goedeken, "Social Science" (Review of ''The View From Alger's Window'' by Tony Hiss), ''[http://www.libraryjournal.com/ Library Journal]'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=RBvhAAAAMAAJ Vol. 124 (1999)], p. 128</ref> This consensus was strengthened by the October 1996<ref>John Ehrman, "[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter_spring01/article01.pdf A Half-Century of Controversy: The Alger Hiss Case]," ''Studies in Intelligence'' (Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency), Winter-Spring 2001, No. 10, pp. 9-10</ref> release by the [[CIA]] and [[NSA]] of the [[Venona project|Venona]] decrypts, including the "Ales" transmission of March 30, 1945.<ref>"For the [http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Download/9100000C.rtf majority of scholars], the critical ALES transmission puts to rest any doubt about Hiss’s complicity in the Soviet underground." R. Bruce Craig, [http://www.upei.ca/history/bcraig specialist in Cold War history]</ref> The following month, on November 15, 1996, [http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/hiss-obit.html Alger Hiss died]. According to [http://english.princeton.edu/component/option,com_faculty/Itemid,99999999/facultyid,11/func,fullview/lang,en/ professor emeritus John V. Fleming of Princeton], "Hiss [http://gladlylernegladlyteche.blogspot.com/2009/07/tragic-to-be-blunt.html continued to lie] until his dying day." By then, "just about everyone conceded that he was guilty," reported the [http://www.wsws.org/articles/2001/jun2001/salo-j29.shtml left-liberal] Salon.com, "that the brilliant, suave, well-educated, well-connected lawyer-diplomat had indeed been [http://www.salon.com/media/media961119.html a Communist and a spy] for the Soviet Union during the 1930s and '40s." Further confirmation came in 2009, when the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars posted [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.documents&group_id=511603 Vassiliev's notebooks] online.<ref>"The material in the Vassiliev notebooks corroborates the suspicion that Hiss was a longtime agent of Soviet military intelligence. That echoes the findings of Venona Project analysts, who concluded years ago that the code name 'Ales' in the intercepted Soviet cables was 'probably Alger Hiss.'" Alex Kingsbury, "[http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/2009/07/17/declassified-documents-reveal-kgb-spies-in-the-us.html Declassified Documents Reveal KGB Spies in the U.S.], ''U.S. News and World Report'', July 17, 2009</ref> [http://www.h-net.org/people/editors/show.cgi?ID=124585 Library of Congress Cold War historian John Earl Haynes] and [http://polisci.emory.edu/faculty%20pages/klehr.htm Emory University professor Harvey Klehr] note, "Given the fervour exhibited by his loyalists, it is unlikely that anything will convince [[#refTLS09|the remaining diehards]]": as [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/docs/v38i5a10p.htm ex-Communist] [http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf5n39n7hn&chunk.id=c01-1.7.6.4&brand=oac Sidney Hook] reported, when asked what evidence he would accept of Hiss' guilt, one of his neighbors, a professor at Columbia University, admitted, "Even if Hiss himself were to confess his guilt, I wouldn't believe it."<ref>Sidney Hook, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=sVJYAAAAMAAJ Out of Step: An Unquiet Life in the 20th Century]'' (New York: Harper & Row, 1987) ISBN 0060156325, p. 291; cf. Sidney Hook, "The Strange Case of Whittaker Chambers," ''Encounter'', January 1976, p. 78. Likewise, when the FBI was looking for old Hiss family letters to compare with the Baltimore documents and pumpkin papers, the headmistress of Washington’s [http://dcsportsfan.com/article.aspx?aid=2472 elite] [http://www.potomacschool.org/about-us/history-of-potomac/index.aspx Potomac School]&mdash;who, "dressed in an upper class fashion and with mannerisms to match, seethed with venom” as she “refused to give any letters”&mdash;“said that if Alger Hiss told her himself that he was a Soviet spy she wouldn't believe it." ([[#refSchecter02|Schecter 2002]]: 170) A [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20040621/editors2/ professional Hiss partisan] made a remarkably similar confession. [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 208</ref>

The tide turned against Hiss in 1978, with the publication of Allan Weinstein's ''[[#refWeinstein78|Perjury]]'', which shifted the scholarly consensus to acceptance of Hiss' guilt.<ref>"[B]eginning with Allen Weinstein's ''Perjury'', the scholarly consensus has been that Hiss was guilty." Edward A. Goedeken, "Social Science" (Review of ''The View From Alger's Window'' by Tony Hiss), ''[http://www.libraryjournal.com/ Library Journal]'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=RBvhAAAAMAAJ Vol. 124 (1999)], p. 128</ref> This consensus was strengthened by the October 1996<ref>John Ehrman, "[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter_spring01/article01.pdf A Half-Century of Controversy: The Alger Hiss Case]," ''Studies in Intelligence'' (Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency), Winter-Spring 2001, No. 10, pp. 9-10</ref> release by the [[CIA]] and [[NSA]] of the [[Venona project|Venona]] decrypts, including the "Ales" transmission of March 30, 1945.<ref>"For the [http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Download/9100000C.rtf majority of scholars], the critical ALES transmission puts to rest any doubt about Hiss’s complicity in the Soviet underground." R. Bruce Craig, [http://www.upei.ca/history/bcraig specialist in Cold War history]</ref> The following month, on November 15, 1996, [http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/hiss-obit.html Alger Hiss died]. According to [http://english.princeton.edu/component/option,com_faculty/Itemid,99999999/facultyid,11/func,fullview/lang,en/ professor emeritus John V. Fleming of Princeton], "Hiss [http://gladlylernegladlyteche.blogspot.com/2009/07/tragic-to-be-blunt.html continued to lie] until his dying day." By then, "just about everyone conceded that he was guilty," reported the [http://www.wsws.org/articles/2001/jun2001/salo-j29.shtml left-liberal] Salon.com, "that the brilliant, suave, well-educated, well-connected lawyer-diplomat had indeed been [http://www.salon.com/media/media961119.html a Communist and a spy] for the Soviet Union during the 1930s and '40s." Further confirmation came in 2009, when the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars posted [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.documents&group_id=511603 Vassiliev's notebooks] online.<ref>"The material in the Vassiliev notebooks corroborates the suspicion that Hiss was a longtime agent of Soviet military intelligence. That echoes the findings of Venona Project analysts, who concluded years ago that the code name 'Ales' in the intercepted Soviet cables was 'probably Alger Hiss.'" Alex Kingsbury, "[http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/2009/07/17/declassified-documents-reveal-kgb-spies-in-the-us.html Declassified Documents Reveal KGB Spies in the U.S.], ''U.S. News and World Report'', July 17, 2009</ref>

 

"Given the fervour exhibited by his loyalists," observe [http://www.h-net.org/people/editors/show.cgi?ID=124585 Library of Congress Cold War historian John Earl Haynes] and [http://polisci.emory.edu/faculty%20pages/klehr.htm Emory University professor Harvey Klehr], "it is unlikely that anything will convince [[#refTLS09|the remaining diehards]]." Asked what evidence he would accept of Hiss' guilt, reported [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/docs/v38i5a10p.htm ex-Communist] [http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf5n39n7hn&chunk.id=c01-1.7.6.4&brand=oac Sidney Hook], one Columbia University professor admitted, "Even if Hiss himself were to confess his guilt, I wouldn't believe it."<ref>Sidney Hook, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=sVJYAAAAMAAJ Out of Step: An Unquiet Life in the 20th Century]'' (New York: Harper & Row, 1987) ISBN 0060156325, p. 291; cf. Sidney Hook, "The Strange Case of Whittaker Chambers," ''Encounter'', January 1976, p. 78. Likewise, when the FBI was looking for old Hiss family letters to compare with the Baltimore documents and pumpkin papers, the headmistress of Washington’s [http://dcsportsfan.com/article.aspx?aid=2472 elite] [http://www.potomacschool.org/about-us/history-of-potomac/index.aspx Potomac School]&mdash;who, "dressed in an upper class fashion and with mannerisms to match, seethed with venom” as she “refused to give any letters”&mdash;“said that if Alger Hiss told her himself that he was a Soviet spy she wouldn't believe it." ([[#refSchecter02|Schecter 2002]]: 170) A [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20040621/editors2/ professional Hiss partisan] made a remarkably similar confession. [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 208</ref>

==See Related Article: [[Alger Hiss and the Volkogonov Affair]]==

==See Related Article: [[Alger Hiss and the Volkogonov Affair]]==