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'''Hede Massing''' or '''Hedda Massing''', née '''Hedwig Tune''', later: '''Hede Eisler''', later: '''Hede Gumperz''', an Austrian-born Soviet intelligence operative who served in the United States in the 1930s.  She was an actress and  journalist. After the Second World War she wrote about [[Richard Sorge]] for the German magazine ''Der Spiegel'' (1951),  Massing had met [[Richard Sorge]] as a young man in 1923 in Germany and saw him again in New York in 1935.

'''Hede Massing''' or '''Hedda Massing''', née '''Hedwig Tune''', later: '''Hede Eisler''', later: '''Hede Gumperz''', an Austrian-born Soviet intelligence operative who served in the United States in the 1930s.  She was an actress and  journalist. After the Second World War she wrote about [[Richard Sorge]] for the German magazine ''Der Spiegel'' (1951),  Massing had met [[Richard Sorge]] as a young man in 1923 in Germany and saw him again in New York in 1935.

Massing had been married from 1919 to 1923 to [[Gerhart Eisler]], who in the 1930s was the [[Comintern]] representative in the United States. Her second husband (from 1923 to 1928) was the then communist journalist and publisher Julian Gumperz. Massing and later her third husband [[Paul Massing]] were members of an [[OGPU]] apparatus and functioned under the direction of a Soviet illegal officer based in New York.  Massing was assigned several duties, including that of a courier between the United States and Europe.  However, her most important assignment was that of an agent recruiter, a task she apparently carried out with great skill. Massing was assigned targets for recruitment by her Soviet supervisor.  She used appeals to ideology, especially preying on the strong anti-Nazi sentiments of [[New Deal]] liberals who dominated the Washington scene of the Roosevelt administration in the early 1930s.  [[Laurence Duggan]] was among her recruits.  In 1935 Massing at a Communist cell meeting in a private home argued with [[Alger Hiss ]] over whether [[Noel Field]], a State Department spy, should work with her group or with The [[GRU]].

Massing had been married to [[Gerhart Eisler]] (from 1920 to 1926), who in the 1930s was the [[Comintern]] representative in the United States. Her second husband (from 1927) was the then communist journalist and publisher Julian Gumperz. Massing and (from 1936) her third husband [[Paul Massing]] were members of an [[OGPU]] apparatus and functioned under the direction of a Soviet illegal officer based in New York.  Massing was assigned several duties, including that of a courier between the United States and Europe.  However, her most important assignment was that of an agent recruiter, a task she apparently carried out with great skill. Massing was assigned targets for recruitment by her Soviet supervisor.  She used appeals to ideology, especially preying on the strong anti-Nazi sentiments of [[New Deal]] liberals who dominated the Washington scene of the Roosevelt administration in the early 1930s.  [[Laurence Duggan]] was among her recruits.  In 1935 Massing at a Communist cell meeting in a private home argued with [[Alger Hiss ]] over whether [[Noel Field]], a State Department spy, should work with her group or with The [[GRU]].

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| style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;" | '''This article is part of the'''<br>'''[[Venona project|Venona]]'''<br>'''series.'''

| style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;" | '''This article is part of the'''<br>'''[[Venona project|Venona]]'''<br>'''series.'''