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'''Federalism''' is the system of co-sovereigns in the United States, as well as in other countries, with a national or federal government having power along with state governments over the same territory and citizenry. More specifically, federalism involves dual sovereignty, or the allocation of power between the federal government and the states under the [[U.S. Constitution]], with overlapping authority.
'''Federalism''' is the system of co-sovereigns in the United States, as well as in other countries, with a national or federal government having power along with state governments over the same territory and citizenry.
The states "surrendered many of their powers to the new Federal Government," but retained "'a residuary and inviolable sovereignty.'" ''Printz v. United States'', 521 U.S. 898, 918-19 (quoting [[The Federalist]] No. 39, at 245 ([[James Madison]])). This dual sovereignty is "reflected throughout the Constitution's text." ''Id.'' at 919. The continued existence of state sovereignty is "implicit . . . in the Constitution's conferral upon Congress of not all governmental powers, but only discrete, enumerated ones." ''Id.''
When the national government was young, federalism stood for a stronger federal government. After the federal government became very strong, however, federalism has stood for keeping the federal government out of matters traditionally within the domain of state government, such as education, family law, medical care, and law enforcement.
When the national government was young, federalism stood for a stronger federal government. After the federal government became very strong, however, federalism has stood for keeping the federal government out of matters traditionally within the domain of state government, such as education, family law, medical care, and law enforcement.