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Hydraulic jump (view source)

Revision as of 19:22, August 20, 2010

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[[File:Hydraulicjump.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A hydraulic jump in the river]]
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A '''hydraulic jump''' is a discrepancy in water depths. When water in a stream flows over a rock, for example, the water may reach a very high speed due to the decrease in the height of the water. (This is due to the continuity equation, (initial velocity)(initial height) = (final velocity)(final height).)* If the speed increases greatly, it may exceed the speed that waves propagate at; such a speed is called "super-critical" flow. In this case, a sudden jump in the water's height will occur so that the speed of the water is reduced to sub-critical speed.
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The equation that governs this phenomena is:
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<math>\frac{H_2}{H_1} = \frac{1}{2}(\sqrt{8{F_1^2} + 1} - 1)</math>
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where <math>F_1 = \frac{V_1}{\sqrt{gY_1}}</math>
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<br>
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<math>F_1</math> is called the Froude number, <math>V_1</math> is the speed of the water, <math>g</math> is the acceleration due to gravity, and <math>Y_1</math> is the depth of the water.
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'''*''' This is a simplified version of the continuity equation (it is not in integral form).
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==See also==
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*[[Fluid mechanics]]
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[[Category:Fluid mechanics]]
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[[Category:Engineering]]
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