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Line 1: + + − '''William Penn''' (1644-1718) was a Quaker leader in England and a friend of the king; he founded the colony of [[Pennsylvania]] and his family kept ownership until the American Revolution. He had been persecuted in England for his [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] faith, and welcomed Quakers to his colony. + − + + +
cquote
[[Image:Wp1.jpg|right|thumb|William Penn as a young soldier]]
[[Image:Wp1.jpg|right|thumb|William Penn as a young soldier]]
'''William Penn''' (1644-1718) was a Quaker leader in England and a friend of the king; he founded the colony of [[Pennsylvania]] and his family kept ownership until the American Revolution. He had been persecuted in England for his [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] faith, and welcomed Quakers to his colony.
{{cquote|'''If thou wouldst rule well, thou must rule for God, and to do that, thou must be ruled by him....''Those who will not be governed by God will be ruled by tyrants.''''' [http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/founding.html#wp]}}
==Career==
==Career==
Penn was the son of the powerful and rich Admiral Sir William Penn. He became a Quaker at the age of 24 and was expelled from Oxford University for that reason in 1662. He then traveled in France and Italy; served briefly in the Royal navy and then studied law in Lincoln's Inn, London. In 1666 his father sent him to Ireland to manage his estates. He was imprisoned in Ireland as the result of participation in a disturbance at a Quaker meeting in Cork, but was released and returned to London an avowed Quaker. A vigorous promotedr of the new religion, he spoke widely and wrote influential pamphlets, such as ''The Sandy Foundation Shaken'' (1668) and ''No Cross, No Crown.'' He was imprisoned in 1669 for failure to remove his hat in court, but was released on the death of his father in 1670. He was arrested again the same year and wrote ''The Great Case of Liberty of Conscience'' while serving a six-month prison term. Released in 1671, he made a continental missionary tour and married Gulielma Springett in 1672. From 1675 to 1680 he was deeply engaged in oral and written religious and political agitation.
Penn was the son of the powerful and rich Admiral Sir William Penn. He became a Quaker at the age of 24 and was expelled from Oxford University for that reason in 1662. He then traveled in France and Italy; served briefly in the Royal navy and then studied law in Lincoln's Inn, London. In 1666 his father sent him to Ireland to manage his estates. He was imprisoned in Ireland as the result of participation in a disturbance at a Quaker meeting in Cork, but was released and returned to London an avowed Quaker. A vigorous promotedr of the new religion, he spoke widely and wrote influential pamphlets, such as ''The Sandy Foundation Shaken'' (1668) and ''No Cross, No Crown.'' He was imprisoned in 1669 for failure to remove his hat in court, but was released on the death of his father in 1670. He was arrested again the same year and wrote ''The Great Case of Liberty of Conscience'' while serving a six-month prison term. Released in 1671, he made a continental missionary tour and married Gulielma Springett in 1672. From 1675 to 1680 he was deeply engaged in oral and written religious and political agitation.
==Coloniszer==
==Colonizer==
Penn became interested in a refuge for Quakers to freely practice their religion in the New World. Quakers were uunwelcome in New England (several were hung in Boston for proselytizing), so he sought a new colony. He promoted successful Quaker colonization in New Jersey, for which he designed the famous "Concession and Agreements," his earliest governmental program.
Penn became interested in a refuge for Quakers to freely practice their religion in the New World. Quakers were uunwelcome in New England (several were hung in Boston for proselytizing), so he sought a new colony. He promoted successful Quaker colonization in New Jersey, for which he designed the famous "Concession and Agreements," his earliest governmental program.
In 1681 King Charles II, who owed his father money, gave Penn a grant or charter of vast lands that comprised a new colony, which his friends called Pennsylvania. In 1682 another royal grant included what later became the state of Delaware.
In 1681 King Charles II, who owed his father money, gave Penn a grant or charter of vast lands that comprised a new colony, which his friends called Pennsylvania. In 1682 another royal grant included what later became the state of Delaware.
==Pennsylvania==
==Pennsylvania==
By the charter for Pennsylvania Penn was made proprietary of the province. He was supreme governor with the power of making laws with the advice of the freemen, of appointing officers, and of granting pardons. The laws were to contain nothing contrary to English law; appels were possible to the Crown and the privy council. Parliament was to be supreme in all questions of trade and commerce; the right to levy taxes and customs was reserved to England; an agent to represent Penn was to reside in London. In case of neglect on the part of Penn, the Crown could reclaim the colony (as happend in 1692-94).
By the charter for Pennsylvania Penn was made proprietary of the province. He was supreme governor with the power of making laws with the advice of the freemen, of appointing officers, and of granting pardons. The laws were to contain nothing contrary to English law; appels were possible to the Crown and the privy council. Parliament was to be supreme in all questions of trade and commerce; the right to levy taxes and customs was reserved to England; an agent to represent Penn was to reside in London. In case of neglect on the part of Penn, the Crown could reclaim the colony (as happend in 1692-94).