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| | # It has been suggested that there is Parsimonious repetition of design elements throughout Creation, e.g. the eye's appearance in remarkably different species. For such complex structures to arise has been thought of as a statistical_impossibility, as evolution is supposed to be inherently random, but, of course, it wouldn't be entirely random, because if something didn't work, then it wouldn't, necessarily be passed on and if something conferred a distinct advantage, then it certainly would. Convergent Evolution would mean that the tool best adapted to a particular task would crop up again and again and, indeed, different versions of the eye, do crop up again and again, at various stages of complexity, from the very simple, light sensitive cells, through the "pin-hole camera" eye of the Nautilus, through to very complex eyes like those of an Octopus or bird of prey. Scientists have evidence that the eye has evolved, independently, at least 40 times. | | # It has been suggested that there is Parsimonious repetition of design elements throughout Creation, e.g. the eye's appearance in remarkably different species. For such complex structures to arise has been thought of as a statistical_impossibility, as evolution is supposed to be inherently random, but, of course, it wouldn't be entirely random, because if something didn't work, then it wouldn't, necessarily be passed on and if something conferred a distinct advantage, then it certainly would. Convergent Evolution would mean that the tool best adapted to a particular task would crop up again and again and, indeed, different versions of the eye, do crop up again and again, at various stages of complexity, from the very simple, light sensitive cells, through the "pin-hole camera" eye of the Nautilus, through to very complex eyes like those of an Octopus or bird of prey. Scientists have evidence that the eye has evolved, independently, at least 40 times. |
| | # Pleiotropy, the fact that a change of a single gene can have several different effects, could render the "improvement" of animals by random mutation difficult, as any mutation with a potentially beneficial effect might be coupled with one or more other potentially lethal effects.[4], however, unexpected side effects can be even more beneficial, not necessarily immediately, for example, the way that different versions of the Bombardier Beetle appear to have "evolved". | | # Pleiotropy, the fact that a change of a single gene can have several different effects, could render the "improvement" of animals by random mutation difficult, as any mutation with a potentially beneficial effect might be coupled with one or more other potentially lethal effects.[4], however, unexpected side effects can be even more beneficial, not necessarily immediately, for example, the way that different versions of the Bombardier Beetle appear to have "evolved". |
| − | # The development of feathers, which could not have conceivably "grown" from the scales of reptiles<ref>http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/40/4/687.pdf</ref><ref>[http://palaeoblog.blogspot.com/2008/02/early-evolution-of-feathers.html]</ref>, this was thought to be quite a good one, although feathers are scales | + | # The development of feathers, which, it was thought, could not have conceivably "grown" from the scales of reptiles<ref>http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/40/4/687.pdf</ref><ref>[http://palaeoblog.blogspot.com/2008/02/early-evolution-of-feathers.html]</ref>, this was thought to be quite a good one, although feathers are scales. However, the discovery of non avian therapod dinosaurs with rudimentary feathers means that such a view is placed in jeopardy. The developmental theory suggests that feathers evolved through a series of evolutionary novelties |
| | + | in developmental mechanisms of the follicle and feather germ. The discovery of primitive and |
| | + | derived fossil feathers in a variety of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs documents that feathers diversified in nonavian theropods, possibly before the origin of birds and before the origin of flight, as flight would have been impossible with such basic feathers. |
| | # The argument has been made that for evolution to be true, every male dog, cat, horse, elephant, giraffe, fish and bird had to have coincidentally evolved with a female alongside it (over billions of years) with fully evolved compatible reproductive parts and a desire to mate, otherwise the species couldn't keep going. [7], this, of course, ignores the possibility that sexual reproduction developed long before these animals evolved. | | # The argument has been made that for evolution to be true, every male dog, cat, horse, elephant, giraffe, fish and bird had to have coincidentally evolved with a female alongside it (over billions of years) with fully evolved compatible reproductive parts and a desire to mate, otherwise the species couldn't keep going. [7], this, of course, ignores the possibility that sexual reproduction developed long before these animals evolved. |
| | # It was previously thought that there were no historical records of anyone directly observing one species evolving into another, as time progresses, more and more apparent Speciation Events are being recorded. | | # It was previously thought that there were no historical records of anyone directly observing one species evolving into another, as time progresses, more and more apparent Speciation Events are being recorded. |