Essay:Problems in Cosmology

Problem number one in cosmology seems to be whether the universe is expanding or it only looks like it. The expansion might be very well an illusion caused by the relativity of time that might be running at the deep space galaxies slower than in our Galaxy. Which even Newtonian gravitation requires as it is shown in my Einsteinian gravitation that is slightly different than what the contemporary astronomers and cosmologists think. The most prominent difference is flat (or Minkowski) spacetime proposed already in 1993 by Jayant Narlikar and Halton Arp instead of curvature of spacetime of the Big Bang hypothesis.

The flat spacetime requires coupling between time and space such that it makes the time running slower in curved space proportionally to the exponent of distance in the curved space (see the exact relation below).

According to my calculations, not refuted yet by any cosmologist (while several looked at them including a professor of mathematics teaching a few years earlier the General Relativity in Cambridge, Massachusetts the universe is stationary, as it was assumed in the first Einstein's model universe of 1917, its Hubble constant (ratio of assumed recession velocity of galaxies to their distance) $H_{o}=c/R_{E}=70km/s/Mpc$, where $c$ is speed of light in vacuum, $R_{E}$ is Einstein's radius of curvature of space implies $R_{E}=13$ billion light years, and density of space of space of universe $6\times 10^{-27}kg/m^{3}$ and illusion of accelerating expansion with $dH/dt=-H_{o}^{2}/2$ that was observed in 1998 with accuracy to one standard deviation and therefore confirmed observationally.

The almost Newtonian calculations suggest that time in deep space galaxies changes with distance from our Galaxy as $d\tau /dt=exp(-r/R_{E})$, where $d\tau /dt$ is rate of time at distant galaxy $\tau$ in relation to our time $t$, $r$ is distance to this galaxy and $R_{E}$ is the mentioned already Einstein's radius.