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|1519-1522: led the first successful voyage to go around the world, going around the southern tip of South America.  Magellan himself was killed by Philippine natives prior to completing the last leg of the journey.

|1519-1522: led the first successful voyage to go around the world, going around the southern tip of South America.  Magellan himself was killed by Philippine natives prior to completing the last leg of the journey.

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|Otto von Bismarck

|[[Otto von Bismarck]]

|(1815-1898) Was the minister president of Prussia (1862-71), and the first chancellor of the German Empire (1871-90). Known as the "Iron Chancellor".

|(1815-1898) Was the minister president of Prussia (1862-71), and the first chancellor of the German Empire (1871-90). Known as the "Iron Chancellor".

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|Napoleon III

|[[Napoleon III]]

|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (20 April 1808  – 9 January 1873) was the President of the French Second Republic and as Napoleon III, the ruler of the Second French Empire.  

|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (20 April 1808  – 9 January 1873) was the President of the French Second Republic and as Napoleon III, the ruler of the Second French Empire.  

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|George Washington (1732-1799) was the first President of the United States (1789-1797) and Commander In Chief of the Continental Army. He was the dominant military and political leader of the new United States of America from 1775-1797, leading the American victory over Britain in the American Revolution and was the unanimous choice to serve as President. He voluntarily stepped down from office in 1796.

|George Washington (1732-1799) was the first President of the United States (1789-1797) and Commander In Chief of the Continental Army. He was the dominant military and political leader of the new United States of America from 1775-1797, leading the American victory over Britain in the American Revolution and was the unanimous choice to serve as President. He voluntarily stepped down from office in 1796.

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|United Kingdom

|[[United Kingdom]]

|The term "United Kingdom" refers to the combination of "Great Britain" and "Northern Ireland" which is part of the island of Ireland.

|The term "United Kingdom" refers to the combination of "Great Britain" and "Northern Ireland" which is part of the island of Ireland.

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| A social movement in England that rioted and protested against the changes of the Industrial Revolution.

| A social movement in England that rioted and protested against the changes of the Industrial Revolution.

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|Ludwig Van Beethoven  

|[Ludwig Van Beethoven ]]

|(1770-1827) revolutionized instrumental music and took it to new heights never thought possible. Beethoven became totally deaf at the age of forty. He wrote most of his best music while he was total deaf.

|(1770-1827) revolutionized instrumental music and took it to new heights never thought possible. Beethoven became totally deaf at the age of forty. He wrote most of his best music while he was total deaf.

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|(lived 1491-1547, reigned beginning in 1509)  Founded the Church of England (the Anglican Church)

|(lived 1491-1547, reigned beginning in 1509)  Founded the Church of England (the Anglican Church)

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|Guillotine

|[[Guillotine]]

|The guillotine was invented by Dr. Joseph Guillotine. It has a heavy blade that is lifted up and then dropped onto the execution victim to severe their head. During the Reign of Terror, the guillotine was the main form of execution.

|The guillotine was invented by Dr. Joseph Guillotine. It has a heavy blade that is lifted up and then dropped onto the execution victim to severe their head. During the Reign of Terror, the guillotine was the main form of execution.

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|1770--1827, German composer, who greatly extended the form and scope of symphonic and chamber music, bridging the classical and romantic traditions. His works include nine symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, 16 string quartets, five piano concertos, a violin concerto, two masses, the opera Fidelio (1805), and choral music.

|1770--1827, German composer, who greatly extended the form and scope of symphonic and chamber music, bridging the classical and romantic traditions. His works include nine symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, 16 string quartets, five piano concertos, a violin concerto, two masses, the opera Fidelio (1805), and choral music.

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|Nazi

|[[Nazi]]

|a member of the National Socialist German Workers' party of Germany, which in 1933, under Adolf Hitler, seized political control of the country, suppressing all opposition and establishing a dictatorship over all cultural, economic, and political activities of the people, and promulgated belief in the supremacy of Hitler as Führer, aggressive anti-Semitism, the natural supremacy of the German people, and the establishment of Germany by superior force as a dominant world power. The party was officially abolished in 1945 at the conclusion of World War II.

|a member of the National Socialist German Workers' party of Germany, which in 1933, under Adolf Hitler, seized political control of the country, suppressing all opposition and establishing a dictatorship over all cultural, economic, and political activities of the people, and promulgated belief in the supremacy of Hitler as Führer, aggressive anti-Semitism, the natural supremacy of the German people, and the establishment of Germany by superior force as a dominant world power. The party was officially abolished in 1945 at the conclusion of World War II.

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|Mostly 19th century economics but also including 18th century Adam Smith, arguing for less government restriction on society.

|Mostly 19th century economics but also including 18th century Adam Smith, arguing for less government restriction on society.

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|Charles Spurgeon

|[[Charles Spurgeon]]

|Charles Spurgeon was a Minister in England who taught that faith without works is dead and that people should try to help the poor.

|Charles Spurgeon was a Minister in England who taught that faith without works is dead and that people should try to help the poor.

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|Franco-Prussian War

|[[Franco-Prussian War]]

|Otto von Bismarck started the Franco-Prussian War. He had an idea that if he enticed the French to attack Prussia that the German tribes around him would band together to defeat the opposition. The War lasted only six weeks.

|Otto von Bismarck started the Franco-Prussian War. He had an idea that if he enticed the French to attack Prussia that the German tribes around him would band together to defeat the opposition. The War lasted only six weeks.

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|Thomas Malthus

|[[Thomas Malthus]]

|Thomas Malthus was a British economist. He believed that the economy was inevitable going to collapse and fail.  

|Thomas Malthus was a British economist. He believed that the economy was inevitable going to collapse and fail.  

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|Leopold II (9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909) was the second king of the Belgians. He is chiefly remembered for being the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free state.

|Leopold II (9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909) was the second king of the Belgians. He is chiefly remembered for being the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free state.

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|Manfred von Richtofen

|[[Manfred von Richtofen]]

|Better known as the "Red Baron" was (and still is) the most well known, and possibly the most admired dogfighting ace of all time.

|Better known as the "Red Baron" was (and still is) the most well known, and possibly the most admired dogfighting ace of all time.

At the end of his life, he had an impressive 80 kills. He was shot down, by an unknown person on April 21,1918.

At the end of his life, he had an impressive 80 kills. He was shot down, by an unknown person on April 21,1918.

|The French and the Germans fought perhaps one of the most demanding battles in history at the Battle of Verdun. The Germans initiated the battle by attacking the French city of Verdun. The battle lasted for ten months and at least 220,000 soldiers died and 480,000 were wounded in this struggle.

|The French and the Germans fought perhaps one of the most demanding battles in history at the Battle of Verdun. The Germans initiated the battle by attacking the French city of Verdun. The battle lasted for ten months and at least 220,000 soldiers died and 480,000 were wounded in this struggle.

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|[[Battle of Somme]]

|[[Battle of the Somme]]

|This battle started with the British and French meeting a the Somme River to begin an attack on the Germans to distract them from Verdun. The Allies bombed the Germans lines then sent 200,000 troops to storm them. The Germans were prepared for the attack and the losses were great. The British lost 20,000 men and had 40,000 wounded. The British and the French lost nearly 750,000 men.

|This battle started with the British and French meeting a the Somme River to begin an attack on the Germans to distract them from Verdun. The Allies bombed the Germans lines then sent 200,000 troops to storm them. The Germans were prepared for the attack and the losses were great. The British lost 20,000 men and had 40,000 wounded. The British and the French lost nearly 750,000 men.

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