Changes

   | language = german

   | language = german

}}</ref> in plural all those [[scientific discipline]]s that deal with historical references. These include past-related topics in the fields of [[archeology]], [[geology]], further on [[paleontology]], [[paleoanthropology]] etc.

}}</ref> in plural all those [[scientific discipline]]s that deal with historical references. These include past-related topics in the fields of [[archeology]], [[geology]], further on [[paleontology]], [[paleoanthropology]] etc.

* according to <ref>Benito, G., Gregory, K. J., 2003 [http://books.google.com/books?id=3Mn51P6JBBUC&pg=PA9&dq=%22palaeosciences%22&hl=sk&ei=q2bPTaKdFI_Jswa67cW6Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22palaeosciences%22&f=false Palaeohydrology: understanding global change.] John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, p.397</ref> in plural those branches of the natural enviromental [[science]]s that focus on the reconstruction and modeling of the past events rather than direct [[observation#Observation in science|observation]] and [[experiment]].  

* according to <ref>Benito, G., Gregory, K. J., 2003 [http://books.google.com/books?id=3Mn51P6JBBUC&pg=PA9&dq=%22palaeosciences%22&hl=sk&ei=q2bPTaKdFI_Jswa67cW6Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22palaeosciences%22&f=false Palaeohydrology: understanding global change.] John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, p.397</ref> in plural those branches of the natural environmental [[science]]s that focus on the reconstruction and modeling of the past events rather than direct [[observation#Observation in science|observation]] and [[experiment]].  

== Paleoscience and worldview of the scientists ==

== Paleoscience and worldview of the scientists ==

Since paleosciences do not deal with direct observations of the [[Phenomena#Scientific phenomena|phenomena]] that took place in the unobservable past, but rather with their effects, they are sometimes referred to as [[historical science | historical sciences]]. This differentiates them from [[empirical science | empirical science]] that primarily rely on the possibility to repeatedly conduct the [[experiment | experiment]].{{#tag:ref| The term paleoscience also correlates to [[origin science]] and/or [[historical science]]; and [[experimental science]] and/or [[empirical science]] to [[operation science]], respectively. |group=note}} As it is not possible to travel in time and directly observe the past phenomena, paleosciences are dependent on assumptions that are in principle not absolutely verifiable. Thus, the worldview of scientist might play a dominant role in the process of selection of these explanatory assumptions as well as when interpreting the current findings and observed effects of the past [[Phenomena#Scientific phenomena|phenomena]].

Since paleosciences do not deal with direct observations of the [[Phenomena#Scientific phenomena|phenomena]] that took place in the unobservable past, but rather with their effects, they are sometimes referred to as [[historical science | historical sciences]].<ref name="Cleland"/> This differentiates them from [[empirical science | empirical science]] that primarily rely on the possibility to repeatedly conduct the [[experiment | experiment]].{{#tag:ref| The term paleoscience also correlates to [[origin science]] and/or [[historical science]]; and [[experimental science]] and/or [[empirical science]] to [[operation science]], respectively. |group=note}} As it is not possible to travel in time and directly observe the past phenomena, paleosciences are dependent on assumptions that are in principle not absolutely verifiable. Thus, the worldview of scientist might play a dominant role in the process of selection of these explanatory assumptions as well as when interpreting the current findings and observed effects of the past [[Phenomena#Scientific phenomena|phenomena]].{{#tag:ref| cf."...many of the factors of involved in scientific community's decision to accept or reject a hypothesis are based upon ''sociological'' and ''psychological'' considerations. ... It is important to keep in mind that nothing that I have said contravenes the tentative nature of the support offered by empirical evidence for a hypothesis, nor challenges the claim that many of the factors that play a ''central role'' in the acceptance of hypothesis are ''psychological'' and ''political''"<ref name="Cleland">{{Cite journal

== Notes ==

== Notes ==

*[[Operation science]]

*[[Operation science]]

*[[Origin science]]

*[[Origin science]]

[[category:science]] [[category:scientific disciplines]] [[category:Methodology of Science]]

[[category:science]]  

[[category:scientific disciplines]]  

[[category:Methodology of Science]]

[[Category:Political Pressure on Scientists]]