Difference between revisions of "Strong interaction"
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| − | The '''strong interaction''' or '''strong force''' is today understood to represent the | + | The '''strong interaction''' or '''strong force''' is today understood to represent the interactions between [[quark]]s and [[gluon]]s as detailed by the theory of [[quantum chromodynamics]] (QCD). The strong force is the [[fundamental interactions|fundamental force]] mediated by [[gluons]], acting upon [[quark]]s, [[antimatter|antiquarks]], and the [[gluon]]s themselves. There is a minority that holds that the strong interaction is the result of direct divine intervention; however, this is viewed as [[pseudoscience|pseudoscientific]] by most mainstream scientists. |
Although the strong force only acts upon elementary particles ''directly'', the force is observed between [[hadron]]s as the '''[[nuclear force]]'''. As has been shown by many failed [[free quark]] searches, the elementary particles affected are unobservable directly. This phenomenon is called [[Color confinement|confinement]], a theory which allows only hadrons to be seen. | Although the strong force only acts upon elementary particles ''directly'', the force is observed between [[hadron]]s as the '''[[nuclear force]]'''. As has been shown by many failed [[free quark]] searches, the elementary particles affected are unobservable directly. This phenomenon is called [[Color confinement|confinement]], a theory which allows only hadrons to be seen. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
| − | Before the | + | Before the 1970s, when [[proton]]s and [[neutron]]s were thought to be [[fundamental particle]]s, the phrase "strong force" was what is today known as the [[nuclear force]] or the '''residual strong force'''. What were being observed were the "residual" effects of the strong force, which act on hadrons, both [[baryon]]s and [[meson]]s. This force was postulated to overcome the [[electromagnetism|electric repulsion]] between protons in the [[atomic nucleus|nucleus]], and for its strength (at short distances) it was dubbed the "strong force". After the discovery of quarks, scientists realized that the force was actually acting upon the quarks and gluons making up the protons, not the protons themselves. For some time after this realization, the older notion was referred to as the '''residual strong force''', and the "new" strong interaction was called '''color force'''. |
==Details== | ==Details== | ||
| − | [[Quantum chromodynamics]], a part of the [[standard model]] of particle physics, is a typical [[non-Abelian]] [[gauge theory]] based on a local (gauge) [[symmetry group]] called [[SU(3)]]. All the particles in this theory interact with each other, through the strong force. The strength of the interaction is parametrized by the strong [[coupling constant]]. This strength is, as usual, modified by the gauge [[coupling constant#Charge, color charge, etc|color charge]] of the particle. This really refers to a [[Group-theoretic|group theoretical]] property whose meaning is explained in the article on [[color charge]]. Quarks and gluons are the only fundamental particles which carry non-vanishing color charge, and hence participate in the strong interactions. | + | [[Quantum chromodynamics]], a part of the [[Standard Model|standard model]] of particle physics, is a typical [[non-Abelian]] [[gauge theory]] based on a local (gauge) [[symmetry group]] called [[SU(3)]]. All the particles in this theory interact with each other, through the strong force. The strength of the interaction is parametrized by the strong [[coupling constant]]. This strength is, as usual, modified by the gauge [[coupling constant#Charge, color charge, etc|color charge]] of the particle. This really refers to a [[Group-theoretic|group theoretical]] property whose meaning is explained in the article on [[color charge]]. Quarks and gluons are the only fundamental particles which carry non-vanishing color charge, and hence participate in the strong interactions. |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| − | *[[Weak interaction]], [[electromagnetic interaction]] and [[gravity]] | + | *[[Weak force|Weak interaction]], [[electromagnetism|electromagnetic interaction]] and [[gravity]] |
| − | *[[Standard model]] of [[particle physics]] | + | *[[Standard Model|Standard model]] of [[particle physics]] |
*[[Quantum field theory]] and [[gauge theory]] | *[[Quantum field theory]] and [[gauge theory]] | ||
*[[Quantum chromodynamics]] and [[QCD matter|Quark matter]] | *[[Quantum chromodynamics]] and [[QCD matter|Quark matter]] | ||
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*[http://www.odomann.com The theory of longitudinal and transversal rotational momentum] A mathematical theory that unites all physical forces and eliminates the wave/particle duality. | *[http://www.odomann.com The theory of longitudinal and transversal rotational momentum] A mathematical theory that unites all physical forces and eliminates the wave/particle duality. | ||
| − | [[ | + | [[Category:Physics]] |
Latest revision as of 22:42, August 12, 2017
The strong interaction or strong force is today understood to represent the interactions between quarks and gluons as detailed by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The strong force is the fundamental force mediated by gluons, acting upon quarks, antiquarks, and the gluons themselves. There is a minority that holds that the strong interaction is the result of direct divine intervention; however, this is viewed as pseudoscientific by most mainstream scientists.
Although the strong force only acts upon elementary particles directly, the force is observed between hadrons as the nuclear force. As has been shown by many failed free quark searches, the elementary particles affected are unobservable directly. This phenomenon is called confinement, a theory which allows only hadrons to be seen.
History
Before the 1970s, when protons and neutrons were thought to be fundamental particles, the phrase "strong force" was what is today known as the nuclear force or the residual strong force. What were being observed were the "residual" effects of the strong force, which act on hadrons, both baryons and mesons. This force was postulated to overcome the electric repulsion between protons in the nucleus, and for its strength (at short distances) it was dubbed the "strong force". After the discovery of quarks, scientists realized that the force was actually acting upon the quarks and gluons making up the protons, not the protons themselves. For some time after this realization, the older notion was referred to as the residual strong force, and the "new" strong interaction was called color force.
Details
Quantum chromodynamics, a part of the standard model of particle physics, is a typical non-Abelian gauge theory based on a local (gauge) symmetry group called SU(3). All the particles in this theory interact with each other, through the strong force. The strength of the interaction is parametrized by the strong coupling constant. This strength is, as usual, modified by the gauge color charge of the particle. This really refers to a group theoretical property whose meaning is explained in the article on color charge. Quarks and gluons are the only fundamental particles which carry non-vanishing color charge, and hence participate in the strong interactions.
See also
References
- David J. Griffiths, 1987. Introduction to Elementary Particles. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-60386-4
- Richard Morris, 2003. The Last Sorcerers: The Path from Alchemy to the Periodic Table. Washington DC: Joseph Henry Press. ISBN 0-309-50593-3
- Modern Elementary Particle Physics, Gordon L. Kane, 1987.
External links
- MISN-0-280: The Strong Interaction (PDF file) by J.R. Christman for Project PHYSNET.
- The theory of longitudinal and transversal rotational momentum A mathematical theory that unites all physical forces and eliminates the wave/particle duality.