Difference between revisions of "John Paul Hammerschmidt"
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| + | {{Officeholder | ||
| + | |name=John Paul Hammerschmidt | ||
| + | |image=Hammerschmidt.jpg | ||
| + | |party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | ||
| + | |spouse=Virginia "Ginny" Ann Sharp | ||
| + | |religion= | ||
| + | |offices= | ||
| + | {{Officeholder/representative | ||
| + | |state=Arkansas | ||
| + | |district=3rd | ||
| + | |terms=January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1993 | ||
| + | |preceded=James William Trimble | ||
| + | |succeeded=Tim Hutchinson | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |military=y | ||
| + | |allegiance=United States | ||
| + | |branch=Army Air Corps<br>Air Force Reserves<br>District of Columbia Army Reserves | ||
| + | |serviceyears=1942-1945 (Army Air Corps)<br>1945-1960 (Air Force Reserves)<br>1977-1981 (D.C. Army Reserves) | ||
| + | |rank=Major (1960) | ||
| + | |unit=Third Combat Cargo Group | ||
| + | |battles=[[World War II]] (China-Burma-India Theater) | ||
| + | |awards=[[Distinguished Flying Cross]] (three oak leaf clusters)<br>Air Medal (four oak leaf clusters)<br>Three Battle Stars<br>Meritorious Service Award<br>China War Memorial Medal | ||
| + | }} | ||
'''John Paul Hammerschmidt''' (May 4, 1922 – April 1, 2015) was a politician from the U.S. state of [[Arkansas]] who is most notable for serving thirteen terms in the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]. In addition to this, he served in the U.S. military during [[World War II]] and was actively involved in the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. | '''John Paul Hammerschmidt''' (May 4, 1922 – April 1, 2015) was a politician from the U.S. state of [[Arkansas]] who is most notable for serving thirteen terms in the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]. In addition to this, he served in the U.S. military during [[World War II]] and was actively involved in the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Hammerschmidt is also known for being one of only two people to defeat [[Bill Clinton]] in an election, the other being [[Frank D. White]] in 1980 for Arkansas governor. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
| − | Hammerschmidt was born on May 4, 1922 in Harrison, Arkansas.<ref name="AKencyc">Thomas, Felicia. [http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=4169 John Paul Hammerschmidt (1922–2015)]. ''The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture''. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</ref> Both sides of his family were of [[Germany|German]] descent, and both set of his grandparents had settled in Boone County, Arkansas in the early 20th Century.<ref name="AKencyc"/> | + | Hammerschmidt was born on May 4, 1922, in Harrison, Arkansas.<ref name="AKencyc">Thomas, Felicia. [http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=4169 John Paul Hammerschmidt (1922–2015)]. ''The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture''. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</ref> Both sides of his family were of [[Germany|German]] descent, and both set of his grandparents had settled in Boone County, Arkansas in the early 20th Century.<ref name="AKencyc"/> |
| − | Hammerschmidt graduated from Harrison High School in 1938.<ref name="CONGbio">[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000124 HAMMERSCHMIDT, John Paul, (1922 - 2015)]. ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress''. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</ref> He attended [[The Citadel]] from 1938 to 1939, when he received an appointment to the Naval Academy at Annapolis.<ref name="AKencyc"/> A year later he changed that appointment so he coult attend [[West Point]].<ref name="AKencyc"/> Hemmerschmidt enrolled at the University of Arkansas for the | + | Hammerschmidt graduated from Harrison High School in 1938.<ref name="CONGbio">[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000124 HAMMERSCHMIDT, John Paul, (1922 - 2015)]. ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress''. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</ref> He attended [[The Citadel]] from 1938 to 1939, when he received an appointment to the Naval Academy at Annapolis.<ref name="AKencyc"/> A year later he changed that appointment so he coult attend [[West Point]].<ref name="AKencyc"/> Hemmerschmidt enrolled at the University of Arkansas for the 1940–41 school year.<ref name="AKencyc"/> He happened to be in California when the [[Japan]]ese bombed [[Pearl Harbor]] on December 7, 1941, and he decided to work in a shipyard to help in the war effort.<ref name="AKencyc"/> |
==Military career== | ==Military career== | ||
| − | Hammerschmidt quit West Point and joined the Army Air Corps, training to be a pilot.<ref name="AKencyc"/> He was commissioned as a [[Second Lieutenant]] and applied to serve oversees.<ref name="AKencyc"/> From 1942 | + | Hammerschmidt quit West Point and joined the Army Air Corps, training to be a pilot.<ref name="AKencyc"/> He was commissioned as a [[Lieutenant|Second Lieutenant]] and applied to serve oversees.<ref name="AKencyc"/> From 1942 to 1945, he served in the China-Burma-India Theater with the [[Third Combat Cargo Group]], flying 217 missions across the section of the [[Himalayas]]<ref name="CONGbio"/> called the "hump".<ref name="AKencyc"/><ref name="Advocate">[http://www.swtimes.com/news/state-news/john-paul-hammerschmidt-strong-advocate-western-arkansas-dies-92 John Paul Hammerschmidt, Strong Advocate for Western Arkansas, Dies at 92]. ''swtimes.com''. April 1, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Hammerschmidt was awarded the [[Distinguished Flying Cross]] with three oak leaf clusters, the Air Medal with four oak leaf clusters, three Battle Stars, and the Meritorious Service Award.<ref name="Advocate"/> In addition, the [[Republic of China]] awarded him the China War Memorial Medal.<ref name="Advocate"/> After his service, Hammerschmidt served in Air Force Reserves from 1945 to 1960,<ref name="CONGbio"/> retiring as a [[Major]],<ref name="Advocate"/> and then serving in the District of Columbia Army Reserves from 1977 to 1981.<ref name="CONGbio"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Post-military career and entry to politics== | ||
| + | After his military service, Hammerschmidt attended Oklahoma A&M College, but he left to take over the family lumber business in Harrison, the Hammerschmidt Lumber Co., due to an illness in his family.<ref name="AKencyc"/><ref name="CONGbio"/> He married his wife on October 11, 1948.<ref name="AKencyc"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Hammerschmidt came from a Democrat family, but he started attending Republican meetings "because the local Democratic Party was a closed group".<ref name="WaPo">Lauer, Claudia (April 3, 2015). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/john-paul-hammerschmidt-arkansas-congressman-dies-at-92/2015/04/03/2575c30e-da23-11e4-ba28-f2a685dc7f89_story.html John Paul Hammerschmidt, Arkansas congressman, dies at 92]. ''The Washinton Post''. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</ref> He served as a Harrison city councilman from 1948 to 1954 and 1961–62.<ref name="AKencyc"/> He also served as the chairman of the Arkansas Republican Party from 1964 to 1966.<ref name="CONGbio"/> Hammerschmidt was very active in the Republican Party, serving as a delegate to the [[Republican National Convention]] in 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, and 1984.<ref name="CONGbio"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==U.S. House of Representatives== | ||
| + | The Republican Party asked Hammerschmidt to run for 3rd congressional district.<ref name="AKencyc"/> He won the election with 53 percent of the vote, defeating 22-year incumbent [[Jim Trimble]]<ref name="AKencyc"/> and becoming the first Republican member of [[United States Congress|Congress]] since [[Reconstruction]].<ref name="Advocate"/><ref>[http://ualrpublicradio.org/post/former-congressman-john-paul-hammerschmidt-dies-92#stream/0 Former Congressman John Paul Hammerschmidt Dies At 92]. ''ualrpublicradio.org'' (from ''AP''). April 1, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</ref> In that same election, [[Winthrop Rockefeller]] was elected as the first Republican governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction. | ||
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| + | Hammerschmidt faced Democrat [[Bill Clinton]] in the 1974 election. It was a close election due to the [[Watergate scandal]] and Clinton's charisma.<ref name="AKencyc"/><ref name="NYT">Roberts, Sam (April 2, 2015). [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/03/us/politics/john-paul-hammerschmidt-congressman-who-defeated-clinton-dies-at-92.html?_r=0 John Paul Hammerschmidt, 92, Dies; Congressman Defeated Clinton]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</ref> Hammerschmidt won the election with 52 percent of the vote, a narrower margin than usual for him.<ref name="NYT"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | His arguably most well-known accomplishment in Washington was successfully sponsoring a bill making the Buffalo River the first national river in the U.S.<ref name="AKencyc"/><ref name="Advocate"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Hammerschmidt served until 1993, when he declined to run for re-election.<ref name="CONGbio"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Post-congressional career== | ||
| + | Hammerschmidt earned a B.S. from Canbourne University, in London, England, in 1993 and M.A. from the same university in 1997.<ref name="CONGbio"/> Among the numerous organizations that he served on after his tenure in Congress was the board of trustees of Arkansas State University from 1999 to 2004.<ref name="AKencyc"/> He served again as the chairman of the Arkansas Republican Party from 2002 to 2004.<ref name="WaPo"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Personal life== | ||
| + | Hammerschmidt married his wife, Virginia "Ginny" Ann Sharp, on October 11, 1948, and they remained married for 58 years, until she died on January 2, 2006.<ref name="AKencyc"/> They had one son.<ref name="AKencyc"/> | ||
| − | Hammerschmidt | + | Hammerschmidt died on April 1, 2015, in Springdale, Arkansas.<ref name="AKencyc"/> When he was first elected in 1966, no other Republican had been elected to a federal or statewide office in Arkansas since Reconstruction, but less than fifty years later when he died, the Republican Party held every federal and statewide office in the state and held majorities in the state legislature.<ref>Brantley, Max (November 4, 2014). [http://www.arktimes.com/ArkansasBlog/archives/2014/11/04/arkansass-new-day-a-historic-republican-victory Arkansas's new day; a historic Republican victory]. ''Arkansas Times''. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</ref> |
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Arkansas]] | [[Category:Arkansas]] | ||
[[Category:United States House of Representatives]] | [[Category:United States House of Representatives]] | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Republicans]] |
| + | [[Category:United States Veterans]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:23, October 28, 2026
John Paul Hammerschmidt (May 4, 1922 – April 1, 2015) was a politician from the U.S. state of Arkansas who is most notable for serving thirteen terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. In addition to this, he served in the U.S. military during World War II and was actively involved in the Republican Party.
| John Paul Hammerschmidt | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| U.S. Representative from Arkansas's 3rd Congressional District From: January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1993 | |||
| Predecessor | James William Trimble | ||
| Successor | Tim Hutchinson | ||
| Information | |||
| Party | Republican | ||
| Spouse(s) | Virginia "Ginny" Ann Sharp | ||
| Military Service | |||
| Allegiance | United States | ||
| Service/branch | Army Air Corps Air Force Reserves District of Columbia Army Reserves | ||
| Service Years | 1942-1945 (Army Air Corps) 1945-1960 (Air Force Reserves) 1977-1981 (D.C. Army Reserves) | ||
| Rank | Major (1960) | ||
| Unit | Third Combat Cargo Group | ||
| Battles/wars | World War II (China-Burma-India Theater) | ||
| Awards | Distinguished Flying Cross (three oak leaf clusters) Air Medal (four oak leaf clusters) Three Battle Stars Meritorious Service Award China War Memorial Medal | ||
Hammerschmidt is also known for being one of only two people to defeat Bill Clinton in an election, the other being Frank D. White in 1980 for Arkansas governor.
Early life
Hammerschmidt was born on May 4, 1922, in Harrison, Arkansas.[1] Both sides of his family were of German descent, and both set of his grandparents had settled in Boone County, Arkansas in the early 20th Century.[1]
Hammerschmidt graduated from Harrison High School in 1938.[2] He attended The Citadel from 1938 to 1939, when he received an appointment to the Naval Academy at Annapolis.[1] A year later he changed that appointment so he coult attend West Point.[1] Hemmerschmidt enrolled at the University of Arkansas for the 1940–41 school year.[1] He happened to be in California when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and he decided to work in a shipyard to help in the war effort.[1]
Military career
Hammerschmidt quit West Point and joined the Army Air Corps, training to be a pilot.[1] He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant and applied to serve oversees.[1] From 1942 to 1945, he served in the China-Burma-India Theater with the Third Combat Cargo Group, flying 217 missions across the section of the Himalayas[2] called the "hump".[1][3]
Hammerschmidt was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross with three oak leaf clusters, the Air Medal with four oak leaf clusters, three Battle Stars, and the Meritorious Service Award.[3] In addition, the Republic of China awarded him the China War Memorial Medal.[3] After his service, Hammerschmidt served in Air Force Reserves from 1945 to 1960,[2] retiring as a Major,[3] and then serving in the District of Columbia Army Reserves from 1977 to 1981.[2]
Post-military career and entry to politics
After his military service, Hammerschmidt attended Oklahoma A&M College, but he left to take over the family lumber business in Harrison, the Hammerschmidt Lumber Co., due to an illness in his family.[1][2] He married his wife on October 11, 1948.[1]
Hammerschmidt came from a Democrat family, but he started attending Republican meetings "because the local Democratic Party was a closed group".[4] He served as a Harrison city councilman from 1948 to 1954 and 1961–62.[1] He also served as the chairman of the Arkansas Republican Party from 1964 to 1966.[2] Hammerschmidt was very active in the Republican Party, serving as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, and 1984.[2]
U.S. House of Representatives
The Republican Party asked Hammerschmidt to run for 3rd congressional district.[1] He won the election with 53 percent of the vote, defeating 22-year incumbent Jim Trimble[1] and becoming the first Republican member of Congress since Reconstruction.[3][5] In that same election, Winthrop Rockefeller was elected as the first Republican governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction.
Hammerschmidt faced Democrat Bill Clinton in the 1974 election. It was a close election due to the Watergate scandal and Clinton's charisma.[1][6] Hammerschmidt won the election with 52 percent of the vote, a narrower margin than usual for him.[6]
His arguably most well-known accomplishment in Washington was successfully sponsoring a bill making the Buffalo River the first national river in the U.S.[1][3]
Hammerschmidt served until 1993, when he declined to run for re-election.[2]
Post-congressional career
Hammerschmidt earned a B.S. from Canbourne University, in London, England, in 1993 and M.A. from the same university in 1997.[2] Among the numerous organizations that he served on after his tenure in Congress was the board of trustees of Arkansas State University from 1999 to 2004.[1] He served again as the chairman of the Arkansas Republican Party from 2002 to 2004.[4]
Personal life
Hammerschmidt married his wife, Virginia "Ginny" Ann Sharp, on October 11, 1948, and they remained married for 58 years, until she died on January 2, 2006.[1] They had one son.[1]
Hammerschmidt died on April 1, 2015, in Springdale, Arkansas.[1] When he was first elected in 1966, no other Republican had been elected to a federal or statewide office in Arkansas since Reconstruction, but less than fifty years later when he died, the Republican Party held every federal and statewide office in the state and held majorities in the state legislature.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 Thomas, Felicia. John Paul Hammerschmidt (1922–2015). The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 HAMMERSCHMIDT, John Paul, (1922 - 2015). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 John Paul Hammerschmidt, Strong Advocate for Western Arkansas, Dies at 92. swtimes.com. April 1, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lauer, Claudia (April 3, 2015). John Paul Hammerschmidt, Arkansas congressman, dies at 92. The Washinton Post. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ↑ Former Congressman John Paul Hammerschmidt Dies At 92. ualrpublicradio.org (from AP). April 1, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Roberts, Sam (April 2, 2015). John Paul Hammerschmidt, 92, Dies; Congressman Defeated Clinton. The New York Times. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ↑ Brantley, Max (November 4, 2014). Arkansas's new day; a historic Republican victory. Arkansas Times. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
External links
- Profile at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress