Difference between revisions of "Electromagnetic wave"

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A transverse wave composed of an oscillating electrical field and a magnetic field that oscillate perpendicular to the electric field.<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Physical Science''. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1999, 2000</ref>
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[[File:Electromagneticwave3Dfromside.gif|thumb|right|An animation showing how an electromagnetic wave propagates]]An '''electromagnetic wave''' is a transverse wave composed of an oscillating electrical field and a magnetic field that oscillate perpendicular to the electric field.<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Physical Science''. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1999, 2000</ref>
  
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Electromagnetic waves was predicted by the classical laws of electricity and magnetism, known as Maxwell's equations:
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The spectrum of electromagnetic waves has an extremely wide range from radio waves, microwaves, terahertz radiation, infrared (IR) radiation, visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, far UV radiation, soft X-rays, hard X-rays and <math>\gamma</math>-radiation.
  
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{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0"
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Electromagnetic waves are well described by the classical laws of electricity and magnetism, known as [[Maxwell's Equations]].
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! Name
 
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! [[Partial Differential Equations]]
 
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! [[Integral Equations]]
 
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|-
 
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| Gauss's Law of Conservation:
 
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| <math>\nabla \cdot \mathbf{D} = \rho</math>   
 
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| <math>\oint_S  \mathbf{D} \cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf{A} = \int_V \rho\, \mathrm{d}V</math>
 
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|-
 
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| Gauss' Law Of Magnetism:
 
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| <math>\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0</math>   
 
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| <math>\oint_S \mathbf{B} \cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf{A} = 0</math>
 
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|-
 
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| Faraday's Law of Induction:
 
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| <math>\nabla \times \mathbf{E} = -\frac{\partial \mathbf{B}} {\partial t}</math>   
 
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| <math>\oint_C \mathbf{E} \cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf{l}  = -  \int_S \frac{\partial\mathbf{B}}{\partial t} \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{A}</math>
 
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|-
 
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| Ampère's Law of Circulation<br />
 
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| <math>\nabla \times \mathbf{H} = \mathbf{J} + \frac{\partial \mathbf{D}} {\partial t}</math>
 
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| <math>\oint_C \mathbf{H} \cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf{l} = \int_S \mathbf{J} \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{A} +
 
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\int_S \frac{\partial\mathbf{D}}{\partial t} \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{A}</math>
 
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|}
 
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where '''B''' denotes the [[magnetic field]], '''E''' denotes the [[electric field]], '''H''' denotes the auxiliary magnetic field, '''J''' denotes the free [[current density]], and <math>\rho</math> denotes the free [[electric charge density]].
 
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In the language of [[Exterior Calculus]], Maxwell's equations can be rewritten much more compactly as:
 
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:<math>\mathrm{d}\bold{F}=0</math>
 
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:<math>\mathrm{d} * {\bold{F}}=\bold{J}</math>
 
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where '''d''' is [[exterior derivative]] operator, '''*''' is the [[Hodge star]] operator, and '''F''' is the force exerted upon a charged particle by the electric field and magnetic field.  
 
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[[Category:Physics]]
 
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
 
<references />
 
<references />
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[[Category:Electromagnetism]]
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[[Category:Electrical Engineering]]
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[[Category:Amateur Radio]]

Latest revision as of 14:19, April 6, 2017

An animation showing how an electromagnetic wave propagates

An electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave composed of an oscillating electrical field and a magnetic field that oscillate perpendicular to the electric field.[1]

The spectrum of electromagnetic waves has an extremely wide range from radio waves, microwaves, terahertz radiation, infrared (IR) radiation, visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, far UV radiation, soft X-rays, hard X-rays and <math>\gamma</math>-radiation.

Electromagnetic waves are well described by the classical laws of electricity and magnetism, known as Maxwell's Equations.

References

  1. ↑ Wile, Dr. Jay L. Exploring Creation With Physical Science. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1999, 2000
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