Difference between revisions of "Diamond"
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| − | | spectral=In pale yellow stones a 415.5 nm line is typical. Irradiated and annealed diamonds often show a line around 594 nm when cooled to low temperatures. | + | | spectral=In pale yellow stones a 415.5 nm line is typical. Irradiated and annealed diamonds often show a line around 594 nm when cooled to low temperatures. |
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'''Diamond''' is an [[allotrope]] of [[carbon]], and can be formed when carbon atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral fashion when put under immense amounts of heat and pressure. Diamonds are created in the Earth's [[mantle]], due to forces and heat required for their creation, and are sometimes brought near the surface through volcanic eruption. | '''Diamond''' is an [[allotrope]] of [[carbon]], and can be formed when carbon atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral fashion when put under immense amounts of heat and pressure. Diamonds are created in the Earth's [[mantle]], due to forces and heat required for their creation, and are sometimes brought near the surface through volcanic eruption. | ||
| − | Diamonds are also noted for being the hardest natural material on the [[hardness| | + | Diamonds are also noted for being the hardest natural material on the [[hardness|Mohs Scale]], and fairly rare (deposits are found in [[Kimberlite]] in [[South Africa]]). As such, natural diamonds are used for jewelry, and synthetic diamonds for drill bits. |
Diamond is the traditional stone for engagement rings, and is the [[birthstone]] for [[April]]. | Diamond is the traditional stone for engagement rings, and is the [[birthstone]] for [[April]]. | ||
| − | + | Most of the diamond trade of the world is controlled by [[De Beers]], a [[South African]] company which uses its near-[[monopoly]] to keep the price of diamonds high. Actually diamonds are common within the surface of the [[Earth]], and if it was not for De Beers they would be quite cheap.{{fact}} | |
| − | [ | ||
| − | [ | + | In modern times artificial [[diamonds]] can be created. They are used for cheap jewellery and in electronics and cars. In the future it may be possible to use diamonds as a construction material, since carbon is plentiful and cheap.{{fact}} |
| − | [[ | + | ==External links== |
| + | * [http://www.minelinks.com/alluvial/diamonds.html Minelinks.com - Diamonds] | ||
| + | * [http://www.about-birthstones.com/aprilbirthstone.html About-birthstones.com - April birthstone] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Birthstones]] | ||
[[Category:Gems]] | [[Category:Gems]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Luxury]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:20, July 12, 2016
Diamond is an allotrope of carbon, and can be formed when carbon atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral fashion when put under immense amounts of heat and pressure. Diamonds are created in the Earth's mantle, due to forces and heat required for their creation, and are sometimes brought near the surface through volcanic eruption.
| Diamond | |
|---|---|
| |
| Chemical name | Carbon |
| Chemical formula | C |
| Identification | |
| Birefringence | None |
| Colors | Colorless. Impurities may produce pink, yellow, brown |
| Crystal habit | Octahedral |
| Crystal system | Cubic |
| Cleavage | Perfect in four directions |
| Dispersion | 0.044 |
| Fracture | Conchoidal - step like |
| Hardness | 10 |
| Luster | Adamantine |
| Name origin | Ancient Greek adamas - "invincible". |
| Optics | Singly refractive |
| Pleochroism | None |
| Specific gravity | 3.52 |
| Spectral | In pale yellow stones a 415.5Â nm line is typical. Irradiated and annealed diamonds often show a line around 594Â nm when cooled to low temperatures. |
| Streak | Colorless |
Diamonds are also noted for being the hardest natural material on the Mohs Scale, and fairly rare (deposits are found in Kimberlite in South Africa). As such, natural diamonds are used for jewelry, and synthetic diamonds for drill bits.
Diamond is the traditional stone for engagement rings, and is the birthstone for April.
Most of the diamond trade of the world is controlled by De Beers, a South African company which uses its near-monopoly to keep the price of diamonds high. Actually diamonds are common within the surface of the Earth, and if it was not for De Beers they would be quite cheap.[Citation Needed]
In modern times artificial diamonds can be created. They are used for cheap jewellery and in electronics and cars. In the future it may be possible to use diamonds as a construction material, since carbon is plentiful and cheap.[Citation Needed]