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1902 conversion to socialism
One of his most successful was ''Boston'', a novel based upon the [[Sacco and Vanzetti|Sacco-Vanzetti]] case, in which he suggested that the convicted terrorists had been railroaded.<ref>E.g.: "[O]f the five identification witnesses upon whom the case against Sacco rested, one was a many times arrested crook, one a hysterical prostitute, one a halfwit, one a disoriented fantasist, and one a feeble victim of police pressure." Upton Sinclair, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=YL2wAAAAIAAJ Boston: A Novel]'' (A. & C. Boni, 1928), p. 411</ref> But in 2005, a 1929 letter from Sinclair surfaced, in which he confessed that Fred Moore, lawyer for the two men, “told me that the men were guilty, and he told me in every detail how he had framed a set of alibis for them."<ref>Jean O. Pasco, "[http://articles.latimes.com/2005/dec/24/local/me-sinclair24 Sinclair Letter Turns Out to Be Another Expose]," ''Los Angeles Times'', December 24, 2005. Cf. "[http://web.archive.org/web/20090226152309/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2006/01/28/uptonsinclair-boston.html Novelist's Book about Murder Trial Called into Question]," Canadian Broadcasting Company, January 28, 2006 (Archive); cf. Doug Linder (2001), [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/SaccoV/s&vaccount.html The Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti], Famous Trials (University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law); Richard Newby, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=jxPC7B6jkRQC Kill now, talk forever: debating Sacco and Vanzetti]'' (AuthorHouse, 2006) ISBN 1420843931, p. 634</ref> As he revealed in another letter, from 1927, Sinclair feared for his life if he told the truth: "My wife is absolutely certain that if I tell what I believe, I will be called a traitor to the movement and may not live to finish the book."<ref>Richard Newby, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=jxPC7B6jkRQC Kill now, talk forever: debating Sacco and Vanzetti]'' (AuthorHouse, 2006) ISBN 1420843931, p. 481</ref> In the end, he decided that a lie would sell better than the truth: "It is much better copy as a naive defense of Sacco and Vanzetti because this is what all my foreign readers expect, and they are 90% of my public."<ref>Jonah Goldberg, [http://www.nationalreview.com/goldberg/goldberg200601061019.asp The Clay Feet of Liberal Saints], ''National Review'', January 06, 2006. Cf. Ann Coulter, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=k_3EeVj2_IUC Godless: The Church of Liberalism]'' (Random House Digital, Inc., 2007), ISBN 1400054214, p. 52</ref>
One of his most successful was ''Boston'', a novel based upon the [[Sacco and Vanzetti|Sacco-Vanzetti]] case, in which he suggested that the convicted terrorists had been railroaded.<ref>E.g.: "[O]f the five identification witnesses upon whom the case against Sacco rested, one was a many times arrested crook, one a hysterical prostitute, one a halfwit, one a disoriented fantasist, and one a feeble victim of police pressure." Upton Sinclair, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=YL2wAAAAIAAJ Boston: A Novel]'' (A. & C. Boni, 1928), p. 411</ref> But in 2005, a 1929 letter from Sinclair surfaced, in which he confessed that Fred Moore, lawyer for the two men, “told me that the men were guilty, and he told me in every detail how he had framed a set of alibis for them."<ref>Jean O. Pasco, "[http://articles.latimes.com/2005/dec/24/local/me-sinclair24 Sinclair Letter Turns Out to Be Another Expose]," ''Los Angeles Times'', December 24, 2005. Cf. "[http://web.archive.org/web/20090226152309/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2006/01/28/uptonsinclair-boston.html Novelist's Book about Murder Trial Called into Question]," Canadian Broadcasting Company, January 28, 2006 (Archive); cf. Doug Linder (2001), [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/SaccoV/s&vaccount.html The Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti], Famous Trials (University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law); Richard Newby, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=jxPC7B6jkRQC Kill now, talk forever: debating Sacco and Vanzetti]'' (AuthorHouse, 2006) ISBN 1420843931, p. 634</ref> As he revealed in another letter, from 1927, Sinclair feared for his life if he told the truth: "My wife is absolutely certain that if I tell what I believe, I will be called a traitor to the movement and may not live to finish the book."<ref>Richard Newby, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=jxPC7B6jkRQC Kill now, talk forever: debating Sacco and Vanzetti]'' (AuthorHouse, 2006) ISBN 1420843931, p. 481</ref> In the end, he decided that a lie would sell better than the truth: "It is much better copy as a naive defense of Sacco and Vanzetti because this is what all my foreign readers expect, and they are 90% of my public."<ref>Jonah Goldberg, [http://www.nationalreview.com/goldberg/goldberg200601061019.asp The Clay Feet of Liberal Saints], ''National Review'', January 06, 2006. Cf. Ann Coulter, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=k_3EeVj2_IUC Godless: The Church of Liberalism]'' (Random House Digital, Inc., 2007), ISBN 1400054214, p. 52</ref>
==Socialist Politics==
==Socialist Viewpoints==
===Becoming a Socialist===
In the fall of 1902, Upton Sinclair was brought toward socialist viewpoints by [[Leonard D. Abbott]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Sj40fZg1a9cC&pg=PA86 Getting Things Done in Washington: Lessons for Progressives from Landmark Legislation]</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/Thirty-fiveYearsOfEducationalPioneeringL.i.d.CelebratesPast_86 Thirty-five years of educational pioneering; L.I.D. celebrates past achievements and asks "Where do we go from here?"], page 24</ref> Upon Abbott's insistence, Sinclair started reading socialist writings, and was most impressed with the work of [[George D. Herron]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8YXJ6N6nXSkC&pg=PA20 Radical Innocent: Upton Sinclair]</ref> Sinclair described his conversion to socialism this way:
<blockquote>It was like the falling down of prison walls about my mind; the most amazing discovery, after all these years . . . There were actually others who understood; who saw what had gradually become clear to me. The principal fact which the Socialists had to teach me was the fact that they themselves existed.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=EN7nQVa6E0wC&pg=PA11 The Land of Orange Groves and Jails: Upton Sinclair's California]</ref></blockquote>
===Politics===
Upton Sinclair's political views were [[leftist]] and [[socialist]]. He ran for public office several times, running on the [[Socialist Party of America|Socialist Party]] ticket in 1906 and 1920 for the U.S. Congress, and in 1922 for the [[United States Senate]]. In 1934, he ran on the [[Democratic Party]] ticket for governor of [[California]]. His 1934 run as a Democrat frightened a lot of people, who saw his EPIC (End Poverty In California) plan as an elaborate back-door scheme to bring [[communism]] to California, and he was overwhelmingly defeated.<ref>Upton Sinclair, [http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/sinclair.html End Poverty in California The EPIC Movement], ''The Literary Digest'', October 13, 1934</ref> Remarking on his electoral attempts in 1951, he said, "The American People will take Socialism, but they won't take the label. I certainly proved it...", adding that he had only won 60,000 votes running as a Socialist on an open platform of socialism, but 879,000 votes running as a Democrat on an "End Poverty In California" platform.
Upton Sinclair's political views were [[leftist]] and [[socialist]]. He ran for public office several times, running on the [[Socialist Party of America|Socialist Party]] ticket in 1906 and 1920 for the U.S. Congress, and in 1922 for the [[United States Senate]]. In 1934, he ran on the [[Democratic Party]] ticket for governor of [[California]]. His 1934 run as a Democrat frightened a lot of people, who saw his EPIC (End Poverty In California) plan as an elaborate back-door scheme to bring [[communism]] to California, and he was overwhelmingly defeated.<ref>Upton Sinclair, [http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/sinclair.html End Poverty in California The EPIC Movement], ''The Literary Digest'', October 13, 1934</ref> Remarking on his electoral attempts in 1951, he said, "The American People will take Socialism, but they won't take the label. I certainly proved it...", adding that he had only won 60,000 votes running as a Socialist on an open platform of socialism, but 879,000 votes running as a Democrat on an "End Poverty In California" platform.