Changes

* Transfer of existing genetic information from one living thing to another.

* Transfer of existing genetic information from one living thing to another.

* Duplication of existing genetic information.

* Duplication of existing genetic information.

These processes have all been observed, but creationists argue that what has not been observed is the generation of new genetic information.<ref>Sarfati, Jonathan, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3268 Chapter 5, Refuting Evolution 2]</ref>

These processes have all been observed, but creationists argue that what has not been observed is the generation of new genetic information.<ref>Sarfati, Jonathan, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3268 Chapter 5, Refuting Evolution 2]</ref> This however demonstrates a basic misunderstanding of how genes work. All genetic information is just different arrangements of only four base nucleotides: guanine, thymine, adenine, and cytosine. All of the aforementioned processes would result in a different genotype which is by definition, new genetic information. It is much like rearranging the letters of the words "debit card" to form a new phrase "bad credit".

== Scientific theory, philosophy, or religion ==

== Scientific theory, philosophy, or religion ==