Changes

== Paleoscience, worldview of the scientists, sociological and psychological factors, political pressure ==

== Paleoscience, worldview of the scientists, sociological and psychological factors, political pressure ==

Since paleosciences do not deal with direct observations of the [[Phenomena#Scientific phenomena|phenomena]] that took place in the unobservable past, but rather with their effects, they are sometimes referred to as [[historical science | historical sciences]].<ref name="Cleland"/> This differentiates them from [[empirical science | empirical science]] that primarily rely on the possibility to repeatedly conduct the [[experiment | experiment]].{{#tag:ref| The term paleoscience also correlates to [[origin science]] and/or [[historical science]]; and [[experimental science]] and/or [[empirical science]] to [[operation science]], respectively. |group=note}} As it is not possible to travel back in time and directly observe the past phenomena, paleosciences are dependent on assumptions that are in principle not absolutely ''verifiable''. Thus, the worldview of scientist,{{#tag:ref|cf.[[Horror of a unique position]]|group=note}} sociological and psychological considerations,  and [[Academician Burdenko syndrome|political pressure]] might play a dominant role in the process of selection of these explanatory assumptions as well as when interpreting the current findings and observed effects of the past [[Phenomena#Scientific phenomena|phenomena]].{{#tag:ref| cf."...many of the factors of involved in scientific community's decision to accept or reject a hypothesis are based upon ''sociological'' and ''psychological'' considerations. ... It is important to keep in mind that nothing that I have said contravenes the tentative nature of the support offered by empirical evidence for a hypothesis, nor challenges the claim that many of the factors that play a ''central role'' in the acceptance of hypothesis are ''psychological'' and ''political''"<ref name="Cleland">{{Cite journal

Since paleosciences do not deal with direct observations of the [[Phenomena#Scientific phenomena|phenomena]] that took place in the unobservable past, but rather with their effects, they are sometimes referred to as [[historical science]]s.<ref name="Cleland"/> This differentiates them from [[empirical science]] that primarily rely on the possibility to repeatedly conduct the [[experiment]].{{#tag:ref| The term paleoscience also correlates to [[origin science]] and/or [[historical science]]; and [[experimental science]] and/or [[empirical science]] to [[operation science]], respectively. |group=note}} As it is not possible to travel back in time and directly observe the past phenomena, paleosciences are dependent on assumptions that are in principle not absolutely ''verifiable''. Thus, the worldview of scientist,{{#tag:ref|cf.[[Horror of a unique position]]|group=note}} sociological and psychological considerations,  and [[Academician Burdenko syndrome|political pressure]] might play a dominant role in the process of selection of these explanatory assumptions as well as when interpreting the current findings and observed effects of the past [[Phenomena#Scientific phenomena|phenomena]].{{#tag:ref| cf."...many of the factors of involved in scientific community's decision to accept or reject a hypothesis are based upon ''sociological'' and ''psychological'' considerations. ... It is important to keep in mind that nothing that I have said contravenes the tentative nature of the support offered by empirical evidence for a hypothesis, nor challenges the claim that many of the factors that play a ''central role'' in the acceptance of hypothesis are ''psychological'' and ''political''"<ref name="Cleland">{{Cite journal

| author=Cleland, C.E.

| author=Cleland, C.E.

| title=Methodological and Epistemic Differences between Historical Science and Experimental Science

| title=Methodological and Epistemic Differences between Historical Science and Experimental Science

| journal=Philosophy of Science  

| journal=Philosophy of Science  

| volume=69  

| volume=69  

| month=September | year=2002 |page=480, 495 | pages=474–496  

| month=September | year=2002 |pages=480, 495 | pages=474–496  

| format=PDF

| format=PDF

| url=http://spot.colorado.edu/~cleland/articles/Cleland.PS.Pdf

| url=http://spot.colorado.edu/~cleland/articles/Cleland.PS.Pdf

== References ==

== References ==

{{Reflist}}  

{{Reflist}}  

==See Also:==

==See also==

*[[Empirical science]]

*[[Empirical science]]

*[[Experimental science]]

*[[Experimental science]]