Difference between revisions of "Left Wing Terrorism in Chile"
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==Guerrilla warfare== | ==Guerrilla warfare== | ||
| − | During the first three months of the [[Augusto Pinochet regime (Chile, 1973–90)]], the Chilean armed forces and carabiniers suffered 162 killed in operations against the Marxist guerrillas and civilian supporters of the ''MIR'' and Chilean Communist Party.<ref>Latin America's Wars: The Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900–2001, Robert L. Scheina, p. 326, Potomac Books, 2003</ref> | + | During the first three months of the [[Augusto Pinochet regime (Chile, 1973–90)]], the Chilean armed forces and carabiniers suffered 162 killed in operations against the Marxist guerrillas and civilian supporters of the ''MIR'' and Chilean Communist Party.<ref>Latin America's Wars: The Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900–2001, Robert L. Scheina, p. 326, Potomac Books, 2003</ref>At least 238 members of the Army, Air Force, Navy and Police (not including private security and prison guards) were killed in the line of duty from 1973 to 1989.<ref>[http://www.todoporchile.com/memorial.htm MEMORIAL |
EN MEMORIA DE AQUELLOS QUE CAYERON DEFENDIENDO A CHILE DE LOS ATAQUES TERRORISTAS, Y DE QUIENES MURIERON DEBIDO AL ACCIONAR DE LOS TERRORISTAS]</ref> | EN MEMORIA DE AQUELLOS QUE CAYERON DEFENDIENDO A CHILE DE LOS ATAQUES TERRORISTAS, Y DE QUIENES MURIERON DEBIDO AL ACCIONAR DE LOS TERRORISTAS]</ref> | ||
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On 15 July 1980, three guerrillas disguised as street workmen, stop the vehicle of Lieutenant Colonel [[Roger Vergara Campos]], director of the Army's Intelligence School in Chile, killing him and wounding in a hail of bullets his driver (Sergeant Mario Espinoza Navarro) with their AK 47 assault rifles, causing a woman who witnessed the terrorist attack to fall into a deep state of shock.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19800716&id=OwtWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7eEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3059,3998750&hl=en Chilean officer dies in ambush by 3 terrorists]</ref> | On 15 July 1980, three guerrillas disguised as street workmen, stop the vehicle of Lieutenant Colonel [[Roger Vergara Campos]], director of the Army's Intelligence School in Chile, killing him and wounding in a hail of bullets his driver (Sergeant Mario Espinoza Navarro) with their AK 47 assault rifles, causing a woman who witnessed the terrorist attack to fall into a deep state of shock.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19800716&id=OwtWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7eEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3059,3998750&hl=en Chilean officer dies in ambush by 3 terrorists]</ref> | ||
| − | In operations carried out between June and November 1981, Chilean Army units destroy two MIR bases in the mountains of Neltume, capturing large ammunition caches and killing several guerrillas. | + | On 30 December 1980, MIR guerrillas kill two carabinier NCOs, 31-year-old Corporal Washington Godoy Palma, and 27-year-old Corporal Daniel Alberto González Leiva.<ref>Historia Oral e Historia Política: Izquierda y Lucha Armada en América Latina, 1960-1990, Pablo Pozzi, LOM Ediciones, 2012</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | In operations carried out between June and November 1981, Chilean Army units destroy two MIR bases in the mountains of Neltume, capturing large ammunition caches and killing several guerrillas.<ref>"On 14 September 1981, during attempts to set up bases within Chile and to create a liberated zone in the Neltume, Valdivia region in southern Chile, seven MIR fighters were killed by police." Historical Dictionary of Terrorism, Stephen Sloan, Sean K. Anderson, p. 447, Scarecrow Press, 2009</ref> | ||
In revenge attacks, MIR militants carry out twenty-three bomb attacks during March and April 1982. | In revenge attacks, MIR militants carry out twenty-three bomb attacks during March and April 1982. | ||
Revision as of 22:20, January 3, 2017
The MIR (Revolutionary Left Movement, Chile), Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front and other Left Wing guerillas waged a revolutionary war in Chile from 1965 until 1989. The Chilean Left Wing guerrillas initially advocated revolution to overthrow the longest-standing democracy in Latin America in order to establish a Communist dictatorship.[1]
On 4 September 1970, when Chileans elected as president Salvador Allende Gossens a Marxist, the MIR decided to carry out his socialist reforms by force. This resulted in the military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet on 11 September 1973 who largely defeated the Left Wing guerrillas and civilian supporters MIR through detentions, disappearances and counterinsurgency warfare.[2]
Guerrilla warfare
During the first three months of the Augusto Pinochet regime (Chile, 1973–90), the Chilean armed forces and carabiniers suffered 162 killed in operations against the Marxist guerrillas and civilian supporters of the MIR and Chilean Communist Party.[3]At least 238 members of the Army, Air Force, Navy and Police (not including private security and prison guards) were killed in the line of duty from 1973 to 1989.[4]
At the end of March 2013, it was announced that the Chilean government was considering a proposal by parliamentarians to compensate the nearly 30,000 Chilean conscripts mobilized after the Coup d'etat and that remained almost double the expected time in uniform.[5]
Civilian losses
During the 1980s, 53 civilians were killed and hundreds wounded as a result of bombings and raids carried out by Left Wing guerrillas and their supporters from the civilian population.
Another 60 civilians died and 510 were injured after the collision and derailment of two trains when Marxist guerrillas or left wing radicals sabotaged one of the train lines in Limache.[6]
Terrorism in the 1970s
Terrorism in the 1980s
On 15 July 1980, three guerrillas disguised as street workmen, stop the vehicle of Lieutenant Colonel Roger Vergara Campos, director of the Army's Intelligence School in Chile, killing him and wounding in a hail of bullets his driver (Sergeant Mario Espinoza Navarro) with their AK 47 assault rifles, causing a woman who witnessed the terrorist attack to fall into a deep state of shock.[7]
On 30 December 1980, MIR guerrillas kill two carabinier NCOs, 31-year-old Corporal Washington Godoy Palma, and 27-year-old Corporal Daniel Alberto González Leiva.[8]
In operations carried out between June and November 1981, Chilean Army units destroy two MIR bases in the mountains of Neltume, capturing large ammunition caches and killing several guerrillas.[9]
In revenge attacks, MIR militants carry out twenty-three bomb attacks during March and April 1982.
In the last week of August 1983, General Pinochet reminded army cadets at the Military Academy that "The forces of order are waging total war to the death against communism."[10]
On 30 August 1983, guerrillas gun down and kill the Military Governor of Santiago, General Carol Urzúa Ibáñez and his two bodyguards, army corporals Carlos Riveros Bequiarelli and José Domingo Aguayo Franco.[11]
In October and November 1983, MIR guerrillas detonate bombs against four Chilean companies that do business with the United States.[12]
On 28 December 1983, the guerrillas kill in an ambush two policemen, carabinier Francisco Javier Pérez Brito and sergeant Manuel Jesús Valenzuela Loyola.[13]
Between December 1983 and August 1984, leftist militants and guerrillas detonate 300 bombs against banks, businesses, police stations and electricity poles, causing six blackouts in and around Santiago.[14]
On 31 March 1984, a police bus in downtown Santiago is destroyed by a bomb planted by Left Wing guerrillas, killing a noncommissioned officer and wounding 11 policemen and 6 civilians.[15]
On 29 April 1984, MIR guerrillas detonate 11 bombs in the Chilean capital, derailing a subway train, injuring 22 passengers in the process, including seven children.
On 5 September 1984, guerrillas operating in Copiapó shoot and kill 27-year-old Army Lieutenant Julio Briones Rayo.[16]
In the last week of October 1984, Left Wing radicals destroy a number of electricity poles, causing blackouts in several Santiago suburbs and 16 policemen are reported injured in tackling the leftist violence.[17]
On 2 November 1984, a Carabiniers bus is targeted during the Chilean national cycling championship and four police special forces are killed in the guerrilla bomb attack.[18]
On November 4, 1984, five guerrillas in a vehicle attack with automatic weapons and bombs a police station in Santiago, killing two police officers and wounding three more.
On 7 December 7 1984, urban guerrillas kill a policeman and detonate a bomb in a subway station in Santiago, wounding 6 civilians.[19]
Notes
- ↑ "The Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR) waged a revolutionary terrorist struggle in Chile from 1965 until 1989. The MIR initially advocated revolution to overthrow the longest-standing democracy in Latin America in order to establish a Marxist regime." World Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era, James Ciment, p. 196, Routledge, 2015
- ↑ "In 1970, when Chile elected as president Salvador Allende a Marxist, the MIR decided to implement his policies by force. This prompted a military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet who struck a blow against the Left from which the MIR never recovered." World Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era, James Ciment, p. 196, Routledge, 2015
- ↑ Latin America's Wars: The Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900–2001, Robert L. Scheina, p. 326, Potomac Books, 2003
- ↑ [http://www.todoporchile.com/memorial.htm MEMORIAL EN MEMORIA DE AQUELLOS QUE CAYERON DEFENDIENDO A CHILE DE LOS ATAQUES TERRORISTAS, Y DE QUIENES MURIERON DEBIDO AL ACCIONAR DE LOS TERRORISTAS]
- ↑ Los conscriptos de entre 1973 y 1990 podrían recibir US$ 40 millones de indemnización
- ↑ "The crash occurred on a single line of track which had been damaged in early 1986 by a bomb attack." Keesing's Contemporary Archives, Volume 32, Keesing's Limited, 1986
- ↑ Chilean officer dies in ambush by 3 terrorists
- ↑ Historia Oral e Historia Política: Izquierda y Lucha Armada en América Latina, 1960-1990, Pablo Pozzi, LOM Ediciones, 2012
- ↑ "On 14 September 1981, during attempts to set up bases within Chile and to create a liberated zone in the Neltume, Valdivia region in southern Chile, seven MIR fighters were killed by police." Historical Dictionary of Terrorism, Stephen Sloan, Sean K. Anderson, p. 447, Scarecrow Press, 2009
- ↑ Undercover Police Shoot, Kill 8 Anti-Government Suspects
- ↑ [Despierta Chile/Mártires del terrorismo
- ↑ "...the MIR bombed four offices of US-affiliated corporations in a 10-day period in October and November of 1983..." Historical Dictionary of Terrorism, Stephen Sloan, Sean K. Anderson, p. 447, Scarecrow Press, 2009
- ↑ La verdad olvidada del terrorismo en chile
- ↑ Undercover Police Shoot, Kill 8 Anti-Government Suspects
- ↑ Bomb explodes under police bus in Chile killing officer, injuring 17
- ↑ Mártires del terrorismo
- ↑ Demonstrators Battle Police; Six Are Killed
- ↑ Four dead, 11 hurt in Chile bomb blast
- ↑ Car bomb in Chile damages 2 U.S. banks, luxury hotel