Changes

[[File:Graflex cameras.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Graflex, Inc. (Rochester, New York) medium-format "press" cameras; (''l-r'') 1947 Crown Graphic, 1949 Century Graphic.]]

[[File:Graflex cameras.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Graflex, Inc. (Rochester, New York) medium-format "press" cameras; (''l-r'') 1947 Crown Graphic, 1949 Century Graphic.]]

[[File:Rolleiflex camera.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Franke & Heidecke Company (Germany) 1960 Rolleiflex 3.5 F Model 3]]

[[File:Rolleiflex camera.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Franke & Heidecke Company (Germany) 1960 Rolleiflex 3.5 F Model 3]]

This type of camera is exactly as the name implies: the photographer must make a physical adjustment to the lens or other part of the camera to get the subject into focus.  The oldest film cameras, such as daguerreotypes, and their view camera descendants had a large portion of the camera sliding forward or back (such as on a rail) to adjust the focus.  Later models appearing around the turn of the 20th century, such as monorail and field cameras, adjusted the focus by sliding the lens on a rail.  In practice, view cameras are large and cumbersome, with tripod mounts a mandatory accessory, but the end result is a highly-detailed, very crisp photograph, in part due to the medium and large format film used.  One of these cameras, a very portable, medium-format camera nicknamed the "press camera" due to those who used it for newspapers and publications, enjoyed widespread use and popularity throughout much of the 20th century until supplanted by SLRs; photographic enthusiasts still use them for their superior image quality.

This type of camera is exactly as the name implies: the photographer must make a physical adjustment to the lens or other part of the camera to get the subject into focus.  The oldest film cameras, such as daguerreotypes, and their view camera descendants had a large portion of the camera sliding forward or back (such as on a rail) to adjust the focus.  Later models appearing around the turn of the 20th century, such as monorail and field cameras, adjusted the focus by sliding the lens on a rail.  In practice, view cameras are large and cumbersome, with tripod mounts a mandatory accessory, but the end result is a highly detailed, very crisp photograph, in part due to the medium and large format film used.  One of these cameras, a very portable, medium-format camera nicknamed the "press camera" due to those who used it for newspapers and publications, enjoyed widespread use and popularity throughout much of the 20th century until supplanted by SLRs; photographic enthusiasts still use them for their superior image quality.

London Stereoscopic Company of London produced the first model of a "twin-lens reflex" camera for commercial distribution in 1885.  What this meant for photographers was a more convenient way to take photographs: two lenses were pointed at the subject; one lens on a direct path from the subject to the film; the other acting as a viewfinder, and the photographer operating a single dial to bring both into focus prior to the shutter being snapped.  Despite some flaws, such as a mechanical mirror which flipped out of the way when the shutter was released, causing blurs onto some pictures, this type of camera was considered a revolution in photography, leading to smaller sizes to rival the Brownie and one of the best cameras ever marketed: 1929's Rolleiflex, by the Franke & Heidecke Company of Germany.  

London Stereoscopic Company of London produced the first model of a "twin-lens reflex" camera for commercial distribution in 1885.  What this meant for photographers was a more convenient way to take photographs: two lenses were pointed at the subject; one lens on a direct path from the subject to the film; the other acting as a viewfinder, and the photographer operating a single dial to bring both into focus prior to the shutter being snapped.  Despite some flaws, such as a mechanical mirror which flipped out of the way when the shutter was released, causing blurs onto some pictures, this type of camera was considered a revolution in photography, leading to smaller sizes to rival the Brownie and one of the best cameras ever marketed: 1929's Rolleiflex, by the Franke & Heidecke Company of Germany.