Changes

The First Vatican Council, of 1870, anathematized all who dispute the Pope's primacy of honor and of jurisdiction (it is lawful to discuss the precise nature of that primacy, provided that such discussion does not violate the terms of the Council's Dogmatic Constitution). The Second Vatican Council modified many of the diktats of 1870.

The First Vatican Council, of 1870, anathematized all who dispute the Pope's primacy of honor and of jurisdiction (it is lawful to discuss the precise nature of that primacy, provided that such discussion does not violate the terms of the Council's Dogmatic Constitution). The Second Vatican Council modified many of the diktats of 1870.

Critics of the papacy claim that past Popes who claimed successorship to St. Peter, such as Callixtus III and Alexander VI from the Borgia family, were so corrupt as to be unfit to wield power. An omniscient and omnibenevolent [[God]], they claim, would not have given those people the powers claimed for them by the Catholic Church. Opponents of these critics reply that even the worst Popes failed to wreck the traditions of the Church.

Critics of the papacy claim that past Popes who claimed successorship to St. Peter, such as Callixtus III and Alexander VI from the Borgia family, were so corrupt as to be unfit to wield power. An omniscient and omnibenevolent [[God]], they claim, would not have given those people the powers claimed for them by the Catholic Church. Opponents of these critics reply that even the worst Popes failed to wreck the traditions of the Church.