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The term '''Deepfake''' is a combination of the terms "deep learning" and "fake", which references movies, audio, or any other production which is produced by [[Artificial intelligence]].<ref>[https://www.politico.eu/article/spa-donald-trump-belgium-paris-climate-agreement-belgian-socialist-party-circulates-deep-fake-trump-video/ Belgian socialist party circulates ‘deep fake’ Donald Trump video]</ref>
The term '''Deepfake''' is a combination of the terms "deep learning" and "fake", which references movies, audio, or any other production which is produced by [[Artificial intelligence]].<ref>[https://www.politico.eu/article/spa-donald-trump-belgium-paris-climate-agreement-belgian-socialist-party-circulates-deep-fake-trump-video/ Belgian socialist party circulates ‘deep fake’ Donald Trump video]</ref>
Deepfake goes beyond impersonation. It creates a Computer Generated Image and even a Computer Generated Video of the subject, doing things that are often wildly out-of-character.
== In popular culture ==
The earliest cultural reference to anything approaching a deepfake was the [[motion picture]] ''[[The Manchurian Candidate]]'' in 1962. In it, [[China|Chinese]] operatives capture a [[United States Army]] patrol in [[Korea]] and condition them to say glowing things about one of their number. Whom the Chinese also program as an assassin. They use a treatment, part light-induced, part drug-induced, to drum false memories into their minds, and post-hypnotic commands into the mind of their chosen assassin.
Next was the [[television]] series ''Mission: Impossible'' from the 1960s and early 1970s. The "Impossible Missions Force" was a secret cadre of con artists who performed "impossible missions," first for the [[intelligence]] community, then in aid of [[law enforcement]]. Some of the most memorable – even frightening – confidence tricks they played on their targets involved the deepfake. The Force used a variety of techniques, from a directional sound "beamcast" that only the subject could hear, to surgical implants and hidden cameras and speakers, and even to kidnapping a subject, staging a medical intervention that he barely perceives, and returning him to his environment, ready to accept orders from Force members whom he will now trust implicitly.
== The deepfake as a production tool ==
At least one [[Hollywood]] motion picture studio has already used the deepfake to complete a motion-picture project after the leading actor died. When ''Star Wars Episode Nine: The Rise of Skywalker'' (2019) was in production, Actress [[Carrie Fisher]], then portraying "[[General]] Leia Organa," died. To make her appearance in the film plausible, the studio generated footage of Fisher, in costume, giving "last orders" to her executive officer.
== The deepfake as a political tool ==
Author Linda Goudsmit (''The Book of Humanitarian Hoaxes: Killing America with "Kindness"'', ''Dear America: Who's Driving the Bus?'') warned on 22 September 2020 that the opponents of [[President of the United States|President]] [[Donald Trump]] might generate deepfake footage of him saying something outrageous and appearing to confirm their image of him as copying [[Adolf Hitler]], or something equally frightening.<ref>Goudsmit L, "Ultimate Election Malfeasance: Manipulation of Reality," on Pundicity and at Conservative News and Views, retrieved 22 September 2020. <http://goudsmit.pundicity.com/24574/ultimate-election-malfeasance-the-manipulation> <https://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2020/09/22/accountability/news-media/deepfakes-ultimate-election-malfeasance/></ref>
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==References==