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:''See main article: [[Crisis in Ukraine]]''
:''See main article: [[Crisis in Ukraine]]''
[[File:Euromaidan in Kyiv on 1 December 2013 by Nwssa Gnatoush.jpg|thumb|Pro-European protests in [[Kyiv]] (2013)]]
[[File:Euromaidan in Kyiv on 1 December 2013 by Nwssa Gnatoush.jpg|thumb|Pro-European protests in [[Kyiv]] (2013)]]
2010 [[Viktor Yanukovych]] and his pro-Russian "Party of Regions" won the elections. 2013 the Ukrainian People protested against Yanukovych and wanted a pro-European course by the government.<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/2013/vladimir-tismaneanu/ukrainian-people-power/</ref> These protests were called "EuroMaidan".<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/2013/arnold-ahlert/putin-vs-pro-west-ukrainians/</ref> The key figures of the opposition were [[Yulia Tymoshenko]], [[Vitali Klitschko]] and [[Oleh Tyahnybok]]. As a result, prime minister Mykola Azarov resigned<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-25932352</ref> and Yanukovich was discontinued on February 22, 2014 by the parliament.<ref>http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/02/22/ukrainian-protesters-claim-control-over-capital/</ref>
2010 [[Viktor Yanukovych]] and his pro-Russian "Party of Regions" won the elections. 2013 the Ukrainian People protested against Yanukovych and wanted a pro-European course by the government.<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/2013/vladimir-tismaneanu/ukrainian-people-power/</ref> These protests were called "EuroMaidan".<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/2013/arnold-ahlert/putin-vs-pro-west-ukrainians/</ref> The key figures of the opposition were [[Yulia Tymoshenko]], [[Vitali Klitschko]] and [[Oleh Tyahnybok]]. As a result, prime minister Mykola Azarov resigned<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-25932352</ref> and Yanukovich was discontinued on February 22, 2014 by the parliament.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/02/22/ukrainian-protesters-claim-control-over-capital/</ref>
In February 2014, Russian soldiers landed in Crimea. Because some of the people currently living in Crimea are ethinic Russians, there is a dispute whether Crimea belongs to Ukraine or to [[Russia]].<ref>https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/obama-warns-russia-over-military-moves-crimea</ref> On March 11, 2014, Crimea declared its indepence from Ukraine.<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2578160/Ukraines-fugitive-president-blasts-bandit-regime-says-country-heading-civil-war.html</ref> On March 16, 2014, Russia sponsored a referendum in Crimea about joining Russia. The United States and the [[European Union]] called the referendum "illegal".<ref>http://www.voanews.com/content/eu-crimea-referendum-illegal/1865590.html</ref> Because the referendum gave voters only two choices: join Russia now or later, experts already declared that most Crimeans will vote for the connection to Russia.<ref>http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/international/europe/2014/03/experts_russia_will_take_crimea</ref> As a result of it 95.5% of voters supported joining Russia.<ref>http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26599776</ref> Since March 18, 2014, Russia claims Crimea as a part of its territory.<ref>http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/03/18/russia-moves-to-annex-crimea-laughs-at-us-sanctions/</ref> Only [[Afghanistan]], [[Cuba]], [[Nicaragua]], [[North Korea]], [[Russia]], [[Syria]] and [[Venezuela]] recognize Crimea as a part of Russia.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/24/world/asia/breaking-with-the-west-afghan-leader-supports-russias-annexation-of-crimea.html?ref=asia&_r=1</ref> On March 27, the U.N. General Assembly passed a non-binding resolution (100 in favor, 11 against and 58 abstentions) declaring Crimea's referendum invalid.<ref name="CHARBONNEAU AND DONATH">{{cite news|lcoauthors=Charbonneau M and Donath L|title=U.N. General Assembly declares Crimea secession vote invalid|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/27/us-ukraine-crisis-un-idUSBREA2Q1GA20140327|newspaper=Reuters|date=Mar 27, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Felton and Gumuchian">{{cite news|coauthors=Marie-Louise Felton and Alex Gumuchian|title=U.N. General Assembly resolution calls Crimean referendum invalid|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/03/27/world/europe/ukraine-crisis/|newspaper=CNN|date=March 27, 2014}}</ref><ref name="un.org">{{cite news|title=Backing Ukraine’s territorial integrity, UN Assembly declares Crimea referendum invalid|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47443&Cr=ukraine&Cr1=|newspaper=UN News Center|date=27 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="foxnews.com">{{cite news|title=UN General Assembly approves referendum calling Russia annexation of Crimea illegal|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/03/27/un-general-assembly-votes-yes-on-ukraine-unity/|newspaper=Associated Press|date=March 27, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ukraine: UN condemns Crimea vote as IMF and US back loans|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26776416|newspaper=27 March 2014|date=BBC}}</ref> In response, the United States and Europe have imposed sanctions against Russian trade. In February 2017 [[President Trump]] accused Russia of taking Crimea by force and asked whether Obama was too soft on Russia.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-russia-latest-tweet-accuse-crimea-obama-too-soft-distance-campaign-team-white-house-a7581511.html Donald Trump accuses Russia of taking Crimea by force in attempt to distance himself from campaign allegations]</ref>
In February 2014, Russian soldiers landed in Crimea. Because some of the people currently living in Crimea are ethinic Russians, there is a dispute whether Crimea belongs to Ukraine or to [[Russia]].<ref>https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/obama-warns-russia-over-military-moves-crimea</ref> On March 11, 2014, Crimea declared its indepence from Ukraine.<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2578160/Ukraines-fugitive-president-blasts-bandit-regime-says-country-heading-civil-war.html</ref> On March 16, 2014, Russia sponsored a referendum in Crimea about joining Russia. The United States and the [[European Union]] called the referendum "illegal".<ref>https://www.voanews.com/content/eu-crimea-referendum-illegal/1865590.html</ref> Because the referendum gave voters only two choices: join Russia now or later, experts already declared that most Crimeans will vote for the connection to Russia.<ref>http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/international/europe/2014/03/experts_russia_will_take_crimea</ref> As a result of it 95.5% of voters supported joining Russia.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26599776</ref> Since March 18, 2014, Russia claims Crimea as a part of its territory.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/03/18/russia-moves-to-annex-crimea-laughs-at-us-sanctions/</ref> Only [[Afghanistan]], [[Cuba]], [[Nicaragua]], [[North Korea]], [[Russia]], [[Syria]] and [[Venezuela]] recognize Crimea as a part of Russia.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/24/world/asia/breaking-with-the-west-afghan-leader-supports-russias-annexation-of-crimea.html?ref=asia&_r=1</ref> On March 27, the U.N. General Assembly passed a non-binding resolution (100 in favor, 11 against and 58 abstentions) declaring Crimea's referendum invalid.<ref name="CHARBONNEAU AND DONATH">{{cite news|lcoauthors=Charbonneau M and Donath L|title=U.N. General Assembly declares Crimea secession vote invalid|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/27/us-ukraine-crisis-un-idUSBREA2Q1GA20140327|newspaper=Reuters|date=Mar 27, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Felton and Gumuchian">{{cite news|coauthors=Marie-Louise Felton and Alex Gumuchian|title=U.N. General Assembly resolution calls Crimean referendum invalid|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/03/27/world/europe/ukraine-crisis/|newspaper=CNN|date=March 27, 2014}}</ref><ref name="un.org">{{cite news|title=Backing Ukraine’s territorial integrity, UN Assembly declares Crimea referendum invalid|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47443&Cr=ukraine&Cr1=|newspaper=UN News Center|date=27 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="foxnews.com">{{cite news|title=UN General Assembly approves referendum calling Russia annexation of Crimea illegal|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/03/27/un-general-assembly-votes-yes-on-ukraine-unity/|newspaper=Associated Press|date=March 27, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ukraine: UN condemns Crimea vote as IMF and US back loans|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26776416|newspaper=27 March 2014|date=BBC}}</ref> In response, the United States and Europe have imposed sanctions against Russian trade. In February 2017 [[President Trump]] accused Russia of taking Crimea by force and asked whether Obama was too soft on Russia.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-russia-latest-tweet-accuse-crimea-obama-too-soft-distance-campaign-team-white-house-a7581511.html Donald Trump accuses Russia of taking Crimea by force in attempt to distance himself from campaign allegations]</ref>
As a result of the annexation of Crimea, the Russian-backed so-called "[[Donetsk People's Republic]]" and the "[[Lugansk People's Republic]]" declared their independence and created an confederation called "[[Novorossiya|Federal State of Novorossiya]]".<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20140607011548/http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_05_24/Donetsk-Lugansk-Peoples-Republics-unite-in-Novorossiya-1012/</ref> Novorossiya was dissolved in May 2015. The Lugansk and Donetsk People's Republics however still exist. In June 2014 [[Petro Poroshenko]] was elected as new president of Ukraine<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/poroshenko-sworn-ukraines-president-073208251.html</ref> and [[Arseniy Yatsenyuk]] became prime minister. Since then the Ukrainian government tries to defend its territorial integrity and fights the separatist forces. In December 2017 the Trump administration approved the export of lethal small arms to Ukraine, including a multimillion-dollar sniper rifle deal – something the Obama Administration refused to do – ramping up its support for the country in the simmering conflict with Russia-backed separatists.<ref>Betz, Bradford (December 21, 2017). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/12/21/trump-administration-oks-sale-lethal-arms-to-ukraine.html Trump administration OKs sale of lethal arms to Ukraine]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved February 2, 2018.</ref>
As a result of the annexation of Crimea, the Russian-backed so-called "[[Donetsk People's Republic]]" and the "[[Lugansk People's Republic]]" declared their independence and created an confederation called "[[Novorossiya|Federal State of Novorossiya]]".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140607011548/http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_05_24/Donetsk-Lugansk-Peoples-Republics-unite-in-Novorossiya-1012/</ref> Novorossiya was dissolved in May 2015. The Lugansk and Donetsk People's Republics however still exist. In June 2014 [[Petro Poroshenko]] was elected as new president of Ukraine<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/poroshenko-sworn-ukraines-president-073208251.html</ref> and [[Arseniy Yatsenyuk]] became prime minister. Since then the Ukrainian government tries to defend its territorial integrity and fights the separatist forces. In December 2017 the Trump administration approved the export of lethal small arms to Ukraine, including a multimillion-dollar sniper rifle deal – something the Obama Administration refused to do – ramping up its support for the country in the simmering conflict with Russia-backed separatists.<ref>Betz, Bradford (December 21, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/12/21/trump-administration-oks-sale-lethal-arms-to-ukraine.html Trump administration OKs sale of lethal arms to Ukraine]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved February 2, 2018.</ref>
===Historiography===
===Historiography===
* ''Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia.'' ed by Volodymyr E. KubijovyČ; University of Toronto Press. 1963; 1188pp [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=58069636 online at [[Questia]]]
* ''Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia.'' ed by Volodymyr E. KubijovyČ; University of Toronto Press. 1963; 1188pp [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=58069636 online at [[Questia]]]
* Dalton, Meredith. ''Ukraine'' (Culture Shock! A Survival Guide to Customs & Etiquette) (2001)
* Dalton, Meredith. ''Ukraine'' (Culture Shock! A Survival Guide to Customs & Etiquette) (2001)
* Evans, Andrew. ''Ukraine'' (2nd ed 2007) The Bradt Travel Guide [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1841621811/ref=sib_dp_pop_ex/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&p=S00T#reader-link online excerpts and search at Amazon.com]
* Evans, Andrew. ''Ukraine'' (2nd ed 2007) The Bradt Travel Guide [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1841621811/ref=sib_dp_pop_ex/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&p=S00T#reader-link online excerpts and search at Amazon.com]
* Johnstone, Sarah. ''Ukraine'' (Lonely Planet Travel Guides) (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Ukraine-Country-Guide-Sarah-Johnstone/dp/1741044812/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256224034&sr=1-7 excerpt and text search]
* Johnstone, Sarah. ''Ukraine'' (Lonely Planet Travel Guides) (2008) [https://www.amazon.com/Ukraine-Country-Guide-Sarah-Johnstone/dp/1741044812/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256224034&sr=1-7 excerpt and text search]
* Helbig, Adriana et al. ''Culture and Customs of Ukraine'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Culture-Customs-Ukraine-Europe/dp/0313343632/ref=sr_1_17?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256898664&sr=8-17 excerpt and text search]
* Helbig, Adriana et al. ''Culture and Customs of Ukraine'' (2008) [https://www.amazon.com/Culture-Customs-Ukraine-Europe/dp/0313343632/ref=sr_1_17?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256898664&sr=8-17 excerpt and text search]
* Aslund, Anders. '' How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy'' (2009)
* Aslund, Anders. '' How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy'' (2009)
* Birch, Sarah. ''Elections and Democratization in Ukraine'' (2000) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98201086 online edition]
* Birch, Sarah. ''Elections and Democratization in Ukraine'' (2000) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98201086 online edition]
* Kubicek, Paul. ''The History of Ukraine'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/History-Ukraine-Greenwood-Histories-Nations/dp/0313349207/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256898525&sr=8-7 excerpt and text search]
* Kubicek, Paul. ''The History of Ukraine'' (2008) [https://www.amazon.com/History-Ukraine-Greenwood-Histories-Nations/dp/0313349207/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256898525&sr=8-7 excerpt and text search]
* Kuzio, Taras. ''Ukraine: State and Nation Building'' Routledge, 1998 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102997170 online edition]
* Kuzio, Taras. ''Ukraine: State and Nation Building'' Routledge, 1998 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102997170 online edition]
* Whitmore, Sarah. ''State Building in Ukraine: The Ukrainian Parliament, 1990-2003'' (2004) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=108557869 online edition]
* Whitmore, Sarah. ''State Building in Ukraine: The Ukrainian Parliament, 1990-2003'' (2004) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=108557869 online edition]
* Wilson, Andrew. ''Ukraine's Orange Revolution'' (2005)
* Wilson, Andrew. ''Ukraine's Orange Revolution'' (2005)
* Wilson, Andrew. ''The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation,'' 2nd ed. 2002; [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0300093098/ref=sib_dp_pop_ex/104-1795140-9172706?ie=UTF8&p=S00L#reader-link online excerpts at Amazon]
* Wilson, Andrew. ''The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation,'' 2nd ed. 2002; [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0300093098/ref=sib_dp_pop_ex/104-1795140-9172706?ie=UTF8&p=S00L#reader-link online excerpts at Amazon]
* Wolczuk, Roman. ''Ukraine's Foreign and Security Policy 1991-2000'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Ukraines-Foreign-Security-1991-2000-European/dp/0700717404/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256898525&sr=8-11 excerpt and text search]
* Wolczuk, Roman. ''Ukraine's Foreign and Security Policy 1991-2000'' (2002) [https://www.amazon.com/Ukraines-Foreign-Security-1991-2000-European/dp/0700717404/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256898525&sr=8-11 excerpt and text search]
* Zon, Hans van. ''The Political Economy of Independent Ukraine.'' 2000 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98833788 online edition]
* Zon, Hans van. ''The Political Economy of Independent Ukraine.'' 2000 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98833788 online edition]
* Kohut, Zenon E.; Nebesio, Bohdan Y.; and Yurkevich, Myroslav. ''Historical Dictionary of Ukraine.'' (2005). 854 pp.
* Kohut, Zenon E.; Nebesio, Bohdan Y.; and Yurkevich, Myroslav. ''Historical Dictionary of Ukraine.'' (2005). 854 pp.
* Berkhoff, Karel C. ''Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine Under Nazi Rule.'' (2004). 448 pp.
* Berkhoff, Karel C. ''Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine Under Nazi Rule.'' (2004). 448 pp.
* Dimarov, Anatoliy et al. ''A Hunger Most Cruel: The Human Face of the 1932-1933 Terror-Famine in Soviet Ukraine'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Hunger-Most-Cruel-1932-1933-Terror-Famine/dp/096838997X/ref=sr_1_19?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256224123&sr=1-19 excerpt and text search]
* Dimarov, Anatoliy et al. ''A Hunger Most Cruel: The Human Face of the 1932-1933 Terror-Famine in Soviet Ukraine'' (2002) [https://www.amazon.com/Hunger-Most-Cruel-1932-1933-Terror-Famine/dp/096838997X/ref=sr_1_19?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256224123&sr=1-19 excerpt and text search]
* Gross, Jan T. ''Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia'' (1988).
* Gross, Jan T. ''Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia'' (1988).
* Hrushevsky, Michael. ''A History of Ukraine'' (1986)
* Hrushevsky, Michael. ''A History of Ukraine'' (1986)
* Kubicek, Paul. ''The History of Ukraine'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/History-Ukraine-Greenwood-Histories-Nations/dp/0313349207/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256898525&sr=8-7 excerpt and text search]
* Kubicek, Paul. ''The History of Ukraine'' (2008) [https://www.amazon.com/History-Ukraine-Greenwood-Histories-Nations/dp/0313349207/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256898525&sr=8-7 excerpt and text search]
* Luckyj, George S. ''Towards an Intellectual History of Ukraine: An Anthology of Ukrainian Thought from 1710 to 1995.'' (1996)
* Luckyj, George S. ''Towards an Intellectual History of Ukraine: An Anthology of Ukrainian Thought from 1710 to 1995.'' (1996)
* Lower, Wendy. ''Nazi Empire-Building and the Holocaust in Ukraine.'' U. of North Carolina Press, 2005. 307 pp.
* Lower, Wendy. ''Nazi Empire-Building and the Holocaust in Ukraine.'' U. of North Carolina Press, 2005. 307 pp.