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| | ==Phylogeny== | | ==Phylogeny== |
| | The following families and genera have species which are named or have been referred to as parakeets. The term ''conure'' has been in use primarily by aviculturalists, in part to differentiate these New World birds from similarly-named Old World parakeets in the pet and millinery trades. The name ''rosella'' is a corrupted form of "Rose Hill", a location in New South Wales, Australia, and derived from the original name of "rosehill parakeet" given to the bird by early European settlers. | | The following families and genera have species which are named or have been referred to as parakeets. The term ''conure'' has been in use primarily by aviculturalists, in part to differentiate these New World birds from similarly-named Old World parakeets in the pet and millinery trades. The name ''rosella'' is a corrupted form of "Rose Hill", a location in New South Wales, Australia, and derived from the original name of "rosehill parakeet" given to the bird by early European settlers. |
| − | *Family Psittacidae
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| − | :Subfamily Psittacinae
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| − | ::Tribe Arini
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| − | :::Genus ''Aratinga''
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| − | ::::[[Blue-crowned conure]], ''Aratinga acuticaudata''
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| − | ::::[[Brown-throated conure]], ''Aratinga pertinax''
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| − | ::::[[Caatinga parakeet]], ''Aratinga cactorum''
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| − | ::::[[Cherry-headed conure]], ''Aratinga erythrogenys''
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| − | ::::[[Cuban parakeet]], ''Aratinga euops''
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| − | ::::[[Dusky-headed conure]], ''Aratinga weddellii''
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| − | ::::[[Finsch's conure]], ''Aratinga finschi''
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| − | ::::[[Golden-capped parakeet]], ''Aratinga auricapillus''
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| − | ::::[[Green conure]], ''Aratinga holochlora''
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| − | ::::[[Jenday conure]], ''Aratinga jandaya''
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| − | ::::[[Mitred Conure]], ''Aratinga mitrata''
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| − | ::::[[Nanday conure]], ''Aratinga nenday''
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| − | ::::[[Olive-throated conure]], ''Aratinga nana''
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| − | ::::[[Orange-fronted conure]], ''Aratinga canicularis''
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| − | ::::[[Peach-fronted conure]], ''Aratinga aurea''
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| − | ::::[[Red-throated conure]], ''Aratinga rubritorquis''
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| − | ::::[[Scarlet-fronted conure]], ''Aratinga wagleri''
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| − | ::::[[Sun conure]], ''Aratinga solstitialis''
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| − | ::::[[White-eyed conure]], ''Aratinga leucophthalma''
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| − | :::Genus ''Brotogeris''
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| − | ::::[[Canary-winged parakeet]], ''Brotogeris chiriri''
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| − | ::::[[Cobalt-winged parakeet]], ''Brotogeris cyanoptera''
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| − | ::::[[Golden-winged parakeet]], ''Brotogeris chrysoptera''
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| − | ::::[[Grey-cheeked parakeet]], ''Brotogeris pyrrhoptera''
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| − | ::::[[Orange-chinned parakeet]], ''Brotogeris jugularis''
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| − | ::::[[Plain parakeet]], ''Brotogeris tirica''
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| − | ::::[[Tui parakeet]], ''Brotogeris sanctithomae''
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| − | ::::[[White-winged parakeet]], ''Brotogeris versicolurus''
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| − | :::Genus ''Conuropsis''
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| − | ::::[[Carolina parakeet]], ''Conuropsis carolinensis''
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| − | :::Genus ''Guarouba''
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| − | ::::[[Golden conure]], ''Guaruba guarouba''
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| − | :::Genus ''Leptosittaca''
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| − | ::::[[Golden-plumed parakeet]], ''Leptosittaca branickii''
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| − | :::Genus ''Myiopsitta''
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| − | ::::[[Monk parakeet]], ''Myiopsitta monachus''
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| − | :::Genus ''Pyrrhura''
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| − | ::::[[Black-capped conure]], ''Pyrrhura rupicola''
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| − | ::::[[Blaze-winged conure]], ''Pyrrhura devillei''
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| − | ::::[[Blue-throated parakeet]], ''Pyrrhura cruentata''
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| − | ::::[[Crimson-bellied conure]], ''Pyrrhura perlata''
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| − | ::::[[DeVille's conure]], ''Pyrrhura lucianii''
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| − | ::::[[El Oro parakeet]], ''Pyrrhura orcesi''
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| − | ::::[[Fiery-shouldered conure]], ''Pyrrhura egregia''
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| − | ::::[[Flame-winged conure]], ''Pyrrhura calliptera''
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| − | ::::[[Green-cheeked conure]], ''Pyrrhura molinae''
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| − | ::::[[Hellmayr's parakeet]], ''Pyrrhura amazonum''
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| − | ::::[[Maroon-bellied conure]], ''Pyrrhura frontalis''
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| − | ::::[[Maroon-faced parakeet]], ''Pyrrhura leucotis''
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| − | ::::[[Maroon-tailed parakeet]], ''Pyrrhura melanura''
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| − | ::::[[Painted conure]], ''Pyrrhura picta''
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| − | ::::[[Pearly conure]], ''Pyrrhura lepida''
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| − | ::::[[Pfrimer's parakeet]], ''Pyrrhura pfrimeri''
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| − | ::::[[Red-eared conure]], ''Pyrrhura hoematotis''
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| − | ::::[[Rose-crowned parakeet]], ''Pyrrhura rhodocephala''
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| − | ::::[[Rose-fronted conure]], ''Pyrrhura roseifrons''
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| − | ::::[[Santa Marta parakeet]], ''Pyrrhura viridicata''
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| − | ::::[[Sulphur-winged parakeet]], ''Pyrrhura hoffmanni''
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| − | ::::[[White-necked parakeet]], ''Pyrrhura albipectus''
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| − | ::Tribe Psittaculini
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| − | :::Genus ''Psittacula''
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| − | ::::[[Alexandrine parakeet]], ''Psittacula eupatria''
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| − | ::::[[Blossom-headed parakeet]], ''Psittacula roseata''
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| − | ::::[[Blue-winged parakeet]], ''Psittacula columboides''
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| − | ::::[[Grey-headed parakeet]], ''Psittacula finschii''
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| − | ::::[[Layard's parakeet]], ''Psittacula calthropae''
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| − | ::::[[Long-tailed parakeet]], ''Psittacula longicauda''
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| − | ::::[[Lord Derby's parakeet]], ''Psittacula derbiana''
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| − | ::::[[Mascarene grey parakeet]], ''Psittacula bensoni'' (extinct)
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| − | ::::[[Mauritius parakeet]], ''Psittacula echo''
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| − | ::::[[Newton's parakeet]], ''Psittacula exsul'' (extinct)
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| − | ::::[[Nicobar parakeet]], ''Psittacula caniceps''
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| − | ::::[[Plum-headed parakeet]], ''Psittacula cyanocephala''
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| − | ::::[[Red-breasted parakeet]], ''Psittacula alexandri''
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| − | ::::[[Réunion parakeet]], ''Psittacula eques'' (extinct)
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| − | ::::[[Rose-ringed parakeet]], ''Psittacula krameri''
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| − | ::::[[Seychelles parakeet]], ''Psittacula wardi'' (extinct)
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| − | ::::[[Slaty-headed parakeet]], ''Psittacula himalayana''
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| − | :Subfamily Platycercinae
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| − | ::Tribe Melopsittacini
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| − | :::Genus ''Melopsittacus''
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| − | ::::[[Budgerigar]], ''Melopsittacus undulatus''
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| − | ::Tribe Platycercini
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| − | :::Genus ''Cyanoramphus''
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| − | ::::[[Antipodes parakeet]], ''Cyanoramphus unicolor''
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| − | ::::[[Black-fronted parakeet]], ''Cyanoramphus zealandicus'' (extinct)
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| − | ::::[[Chatham parakeet]], ''Cyanoramphus forbesi''
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| − | ::::[[Lord Howe parakeet]], ''Cyanoramphus subflavescens'' (extinct)
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| − | ::::[[Macquarie parakeet]], ''Cyanoramphus erythrotis'' (extinct)
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| − | ::::[[Malherbe's parakeet]], ''Cyanoramphus malherbi''
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| − | ::::[[New Caledonian parakeet]], ''Cyanoramphus saisseti''
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| − | ::::[[Norfolk parakeet]], ''Cyanoramphus cooki''
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| − | ::::[[Red-crowned parakeet]], ''Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae''
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| − | ::::[[Reischek's parakeet]], ''Cyanoramphus hochstetteri''
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| − | ::::[[Society parakeet]], ''Cyanoramphus ulietanus'' (extinct)
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| − | ::::[[Yellow-crowned parakeet]], ''Cyanoramphus auriceps''
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| − | :::Genus ''Eunymphicus''
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| − | ::::[[Horned parakeet]], ''Eunymphicus cornutus''
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| − | ::::[[Ouvea parakeet]], ''Eunymphicus uvaeensis''
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| − | :::Genus ''Platycercus''
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| − | ::::[[Crimson rosella]], ''Platycercus elegans''
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| − | ::::[[Eastern rosella]], ''Platycercus eximius''
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| − | ::::[[Green rosella]], ''Platycercus caledonicus''
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| − | ::::[[Northern rosella]], ''Platycercus venustus''
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| − | ::::[[Pale-headed rosella]], ''Platycercus adscitus''
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| − | ::::[[Western rosella]], ''Platycercus icterotis''
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| | | | |
| | ==References== | | ==References== |
Parakeet is a name given loosely to many different species of parrots, often unrelated, and sharing some general characteristics such as small-to-medium size and long tails. As with parrots, some parakeet species are popular as pets, with the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) the most popular cage bird of any kind.
Description
Generally-speaking, parakeets are 8 to 24 inches in length. Parakeets have an upright stance when perched; when not flying they move about in the trees using their hooked beak as a climbing aid. On the ground they walk with a rolling gait, their long tails slightly elevated off the ground. Both feet are zygodactyl, i.e. two toes in front, two toes behind, a trait shared with owls and woodpeckers. With the exception of the budgerigar, parakeets use one foot as a "hand" to hold and bring food to its mouth.
Parakeet plumage is also unique in that the brilliant colors are not the result of diet; they are made directly within the feathers by a set of five pigments, or psittacofulvins, a trait found in no other bird species.[1]
Diet
Fruits, seeds, and nuts make up the diet of most parakeets, with flocks in large numbers often taking advantage of human crops. In India, Sri Lanka, and Burma, farmers have to contend with large flocks of rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri), which inflict heavy losses on orchards, wheat fields, and rice paddies, while in Malaysia the long-tailed parakeet (Psittacula longicauda) strips the pulp from oil palms; in both cases farmers have to kill a large number of birds to maintain control and reduce their losses, a tactic which resulted, in part, in the extinction of the Carolina parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis) in the United States.
Phylogeny
The following families and genera have species which are named or have been referred to as parakeets. The term conure has been in use primarily by aviculturalists, in part to differentiate these New World birds from similarly-named Old World parakeets in the pet and millinery trades. The name rosella is a corrupted form of "Rose Hill", a location in New South Wales, Australia, and derived from the original name of "rosehill parakeet" given to the bird by early European settlers.
References
