Changes

With the demise of the [[Soviet Union]], [[Francis Fukuyama]] declared the "end of history."  The "unipolar moment" had arrived, with the [[United States]] being the "only [[Superpower]]". The United States spoke of a "rules based order", which it empowered itself to enforce while freely violating those same "rules" that it imposed upon others, in order to benefit itself.  With the U.S. dollar as a "global reserve currency" and the [[SWIFT]] network monitoring and carrying out international banking transactions, and a free-wheeling Congress willing to print and issue more dollars in circulation globally through [[deficit spending]] and debt financing, the United States was able to persuade, coerce, and blackmail nations with promises of aid and loans, or the threat to withhold funding.

With the demise of the [[Soviet Union]], [[Francis Fukuyama]] declared the "end of history."  The "unipolar moment" had arrived, with the [[United States]] being the "only [[Superpower]]". The United States spoke of a "rules based order", which it empowered itself to enforce while freely violating those same "rules" that it imposed upon others, in order to benefit itself.  With the U.S. dollar as a "global reserve currency" and the [[SWIFT]] network monitoring and carrying out international banking transactions, and a free-wheeling Congress willing to print and issue more dollars in circulation globally through [[deficit spending]] and debt financing, the United States was able to persuade, coerce, and blackmail nations with promises of aid and loans, or the threat to withhold funding.

After a series of actions that began with the [[Kosovo war]] in 1998 and dismemberment of [[Serbia]], the 2003 [[Iraq war|invasion of Iraq]], and the 2014 overthrow of the legitimate democratically elected government of [[Ukraine]] - all in violation of [[United Nations]] resolutions<ref>"No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State," [http://un-documents.net/a25r2625.htm 2625 (XXV). Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations].</ref> - many [[nation state]]s, members of the [[UN General Assembly]] (often referred to as "the developing world" and "global South") became fed up with the hypocrisy and double standards.  

After a series of actions that began with the [[Kosovo war]] in 1998 and dismemberment of [[Serbia]], the 2003 [[Iraq war|invasion of Iraq]], and the 2014 overthrow of the legitimate democratically elected government of [[Ukraine]] - all in violation of [[United Nations]] resolutions<ref>"No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State," [http://un-documents.net/a25r2625.htm 2625 (XXV). Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations].</ref> - many [[nation state]]s, members of the [[UN General Assembly]] (often referred to as "the developing world" and "global South") became fed up with the hypocrisy and [[double standard]]s.  

The United States, as head of the [[Western alliance]], and [[the West]] itself, cast off its illusions of "[[liberal democracy]]" and came to be dominated by [[corrupt]] [[globalist]] [[oligarch]]s.  The transition to a multipolar world began to emerge, rejecting Western attempts at blackmail through economic sanctions.  Caving into American demands meant a loss of [[sovereignty]], and these developing nations wished to preserve their [[traditional values]], and follow their own course of [[social]], [[political]], and [[economic]] development.

The United States, as head of the [[Western alliance]], and [[the West]] itself, cast off its illusions of "[[liberal democracy]]" and came to be dominated by [[corrupt]] [[globalist]] [[oligarch]]s.  The transition to a multipolar world began to emerge, rejecting Western attempts at blackmail through economic sanctions.  Caving into American demands meant a loss of [[sovereignty]], and these developing nations wished to preserve their [[traditional values]], and follow their own course of [[social]], [[political]], and [[economic]] development.

Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]], in a television interview in February 2023 said that the [[NATO proxy war in Ukraine]] is part of the New Cold War between the competing forces over the direction of the global systemic transition, which [[Moscow]] wants to lead towards multipolarity while [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] wants to retain as much of its fading unipolar [[hegemony]] as possible. The outcome of this struggle will literally determine the future of [[International Relations]], which will in turn enhance or erode every country's sovereignty, which is why it's of concern to everyone in the world.<ref>[https://korybko.substack.com/p/putin-made-five-very-important-points Putin Made Five Very Important Points During His Latest TV Interview], Andrew Korybko, February 27, 2023.</ref>

Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]], in a television interview in February 2023 said that the [[NATO proxy war in Ukraine]] is part of the New Cold War between the competing forces over the direction of the global systemic transition, which [[Moscow]] wants to lead towards multipolarity while [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] wants to retain as much of its fading unipolar [[hegemony]] as possible.<ref>[https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2022/03/24/our_elites_need_to_recognize_that_americas_unipolar_moment_is_over_823466.html Our Elites Need to Recognize that America’s ‘Unipolar Moment’ is Over], By Francis P. Sempa, RealClearDefense, March 24, 2022. realcleardefense.com<b>*[https://responsiblestatecraft.org/military-gaza-pier-project/ The unipolar moment is over. When will the US get it?], SAMUEL GARDNER-BIRD, ''Responsible Statecraft'', NOV 16, 2022. responsiblestatecraft.org</ref> The outcome of this struggle will literally determine the future of [[International Relations]], which will in turn enhance or erode every country's sovereignty, which is why it's of concern to everyone in the world.<ref>[https://korybko.substack.com/p/putin-made-five-very-important-points Putin Made Five Very Important Points During His Latest TV Interview], Andrew Korybko, February 27, 2023.</ref>

==The BRICS challenge==

==The BRICS challenge==