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| | The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development estimates that roughly 80% of global trade by volume and 70% by value is transported by sea. Of that volume, 60% of maritime trade passes through Asia, with the South China Sea carrying an estimated one-third of global shipping. | | The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development estimates that roughly 80% of global trade by volume and 70% by value is transported by sea. Of that volume, 60% of maritime trade passes through Asia, with the South China Sea carrying an estimated one-third of global shipping. |
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| − | ==Racism==
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| − | :''See also: [[Atheistic China and racism]]''
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| − | ===Africans/Blacks===
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| − | An article entitled ''Racism in China'' declares:
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| − | {{quotebox-float|The Han Chinese have traditionally considered themselves more advanced and civilized than other ethnic groups in China. In the imperial era, this was almost state policy. The sentiment continues today even though laws have been enacted to protect minorities, racism is officially condemned and Chinese multi-ethnicity is celebrated in propaganda. In recent years assimilation has been encouraged, particularly in Tibet and Xinjiang, whose ethnic groups are regarded as a threat.
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| − | The Chinese have many prejudiced views about race, gender and nationality. Chinese often have no compunctions about directly mocking ethnic minorities, and there sometimes seems to be a prevailing belief that anything non-Chinese is primitive.<ref>[http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat5/sub29/item1686.html Racism in China]</ref>}}
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| − | The Internations organization website says this about racism in China:
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| − | {{quotebox-float|When it comes to foreign nations against which racism in China exists, the Japanese are particularly disliked. The use of slurs, such as “little Japanese” and even “Japanese devils”, is fairly common. The two countries’ bloody history — particularly Japan’s occupation of China and the atrocities against Chinese citizens during World War II — is neither forgotten nor forgiven. According to a BBC World Service poll, nine out of ten Chinese think negatively of their island neighbors.
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| − | Black people are often regarded suspiciously, too, and considered as all coming from Africa, regardless of their actual origin. In a society where light skin is still deemed desirable and seen as a sign of fortune, darker skin is often associated with less favorable traits. There have, for instance, been reports of African-American English teachers (and thus native speakers) being turned down in favor of white English teachers with non-native language skills.
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| − | China’s economic investment in a number of African countries may well have helped to create the prejudice that all Africans are poor and profiting from money that should rather be invested at home, thus fostering racism in China. In Guangzhou, where a large number of Africans have settled over the last few years, racial tensions have been particularly high.<ref>[https://www.internations.org/china-expats/guide/29460-safety-security/discrimination-and-racism-in-china-17752 Discrimination and Racism in China], Internations.org website</ref>}}
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| − | [[File:This-is-Africa-offensive-images.jpg|right|300px|thumb]]
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| − | [[File:CCP This is Africa.png|right|300px|thumb|Images from the Hubei Provincial Museum Wuhan exhibit, "This is Africa," 2017.<ref>https://qz.com/africa/1101699/africans-in-china-are-infuriated-over-a-museum-exhibit-comparing-africans-to-animals/</ref>]]
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| − | Leroy Adams writes in an article entitled ''What is it like to be Black in China?'': "China is a country plagued by racism. To be Black or African in China is to be labeled unintelligent, dangerous, unattractive, or to see an empty seat next to you on a crowded subway.<ref>[https://www.inkstonenews.com/opinion/black-panther-what-it-be-black-china/article/2136990 ''What is it like to be Black in China?''], Inkstone News</ref> Barry Sautman published via the ''Cambridge University Press'' about racism in post-Mao Zedong China: "Expressions of anti-black sentiment by Chinese students have caught the world's attention periodically since the end of the 1970s. Demonstrations against African students in Nanjing and other cities between late 1988 and early 1989 received wide press coverage. Because the African population in China is small and transient, some observers saw these events as a manifestation of a vestigial xenophobia, not as part of a developing trend of thought within a key segment of Chinese society. Placed next to the brutal ethnic conflicts that plague much of the world, the episodic, non-lethal incidents in China seemed evanescent, with only fleeting implications for China's foreign policy.<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/anti-black-racism-in-post-mao-china/862AF22CB97347DD0EF289792919640B Anti-Black Racism in Post-Mao China] by Barry Sautman, ''Cambridge University Press''</ref>
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| − | One of the biggest ways the outbreak of the CCP coronavirus has damaged China's international reputation is by exposing the country's racist attitude toward Africans. The Leftwing communist government's response to the coronavirus was to blame foreigners for importing the virus.<ref>https://www.ibtimes.com/china-blames-world-new-coronavirus-cases-all-imported-no-local-transmission-2946187</ref> [[Black]] Africans and [[African American]]s were evicted from their apartments and refused service in local shops and restaurants.<ref>https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/africans-in-china-being-evicted-from-homes-after-lockdown-ends/ar-BB12uxqM</ref> Such an attitude obviously has angered millions of Africans back home.<ref>https://www.visiontimes.com/2020/05/05/africans-enraged-at-chinas-racist-attitude.html</ref> Those who could leave the socialist paradise ended up living on the streets, constantly harassed by the [[police]].<ref>https://www.france24.com/en/20200411-if-you-re-black-you-can-t-go-out-africans-in-china-face-racism-in-covid-19-crackdown</ref>
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| − | On April 13, 2020, the U.S. consulate had to issue an alert warning [[African-American]]s to avoid the [[Guangzhou]] region since they could be racially targeted. It advised African-Americans in China to always carry their identity documents with them since it was less likely for officials to target an American citizen.
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| − | China's Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian accused the U.S. of trying to drive a wedge between Africa and China, saying that the United States was being neither responsible nor [[moral]]. A [[State Department]] spokesperson pointed out that the mistreatment meted out to Africans in China is a clear signal of how hollow the China-Africa relationship is despite Beijing constantly masquerading as being a benefactor for African people.<ref>https://en.tuidang.org/news/communist-regime/2020/05/africans-enraged-at-chinas-racist-attitude.html</ref>
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| − | ===Uyghurs and Muslims===
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| − | According to various estimates, the Chinese Communist authorities have placed anywhere from 1-3 million Turkic Muslims, mostly ethnic [[Uyghur]]s, and [[Kazakh]]s, in concentration camps without formal charges, trials or hearings, and with no timetable for release. Many detainees have little or no contact with their families and, in some cases, young children. Some CCP officials describe the Xinjiang camps as “vocational education institutions” in which “trainees” learn the Chinese language, legal knowledge, and job skills, and undergo “de-extremization.” Other CCP authorities state that detainees are “infected with religious extremism and violent terrorist ideology.” According to some reports, many prisoners had engaged in activities that authorities may now deem “extremist,” including participating in religious services outside of officially sanctioned places of
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| − | worship; [[home-schooling]] one's children; spending time abroad or having relatives living abroad; and expressing religious sentiments.
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| − | Many detainees reportedly are compelled to express or chant their love of the Communist Party and President Xi Jinping, sing patriotic songs, renounce or reject many of their religious beliefs and customs, including their avoidance of pork, alcohol, and smoking, and undergo ideological indoctrination and self-criticisms. According to former detainees, treatment and conditions in the camps include beatings, food deprivation, and crowded and unsanitary conditions. Some reeducation centers reportedly contain factories where detainees are forced to work, in some cases producing goods for export.
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| − | Recent security measures include the following:
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| − | *Police Presence and Surveillance: Thousands of “convenience” police stations, furnished with anti-riot and high-tech [[surveillance]] equipment, have been installed.
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| − | *Biometric data collection: Authorities have systematically collected and cataloged [[DNA]] samples, [[blood type]]s, and fingerprints and performed eye scans of Uyghurs for identification purposes as part of its social stability campaign, often under the guise of “health physicals.”
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| − | *Internet and Social Media Controls: Uyghurs in some areas of the XUAR are required to install an application on their [[mobile phone]]s that enables authorities to monitor their online activities.
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| − | *Home stays: The government has sent an estimated one million officials and state workers from outside the XUAR, mostly ethnic Han, to live temporarily in the homes of Uyghurs to assess their hosts’ loyalty to the Communist Party.<ref>https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1148671/download</ref>
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| − | ===Indians===
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| − | The [[CCP]] run Xinhua news agency made a racist video mocking Indians after the Doklam Standoff in 2017.<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/doklam-standoff-chinese-media-releases-racist-video-parodying-indians/story-eQCqrkLsrcueW7hA1zmrjO.html</ref>
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| − | ===Japanese===
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| − | The [[CCP]] controlled Movie/TV portrays Japanese as "Devils".<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBW1lQw_WrI</ref>
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| | ==Religion== | | ==Religion== |