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→Identifying propaganda
== Identifying propaganda ==
== Identifying propaganda ==
[[File:Photo 2026-03-08 15-40-23.jpg|right|300px|thumb|]]
The specific sayings or modes of presentation that constitute propaganda are legion. The common element in them is an appeal to ''emotion'' rather than to [[logic]]. Truth or fact, logically presented, might stir the emotions—but a presentation ''manifestly intended'' to stir the emotions demeans the information being presented. Of course, if the information is false to begin with, then propagandistic methods might be the only methods that would serve.
<blockquote>Angels are bright still, though the brightest fell.<br>Though all things foul would wear the look of grace,<br>Yet grace must still look so.</blockquote>
<blockquote>Angels are bright still, though the brightest fell.<br>Though all things foul would wear the look of grace,<br>Yet grace must still look so.</blockquote>
: ''[[Macbeth]]'' IV.iii.
: ''[[Macbeth]]'' IV.iii.
# Extreme pronouncements, which are a form of [[Logical fallacy#Overgeneralization|over-generalizations]].
# Extreme pronouncements, which are a form of [[Logical fallacy#Overgeneralization|over-generalizations]].
# Intimidation. This may include [[Logical fallacy#Proof by numbers|arguing from the numbers]] or reminding an opponent of the power of the particular individual or group engaging in the intimidation—or of an individual or group for which one claims to speak.
# Intimidation. This may include [[Logical fallacy#Proof by numbers|arguing from the numbers]] or reminding an opponent of the power of the particular individual or group engaging in the intimidation—or of an individual or group for which one claims to speak.
[[File:Ukrainian nazis.PNG|right|500px|thumb|More Nazi propaganda from [[NATO war in Ukraine]].]]
# Using abridged or out-of-context quotes to give a false impression, aka [[Quote mining]].
# Using abridged or out-of-context quotes to give a false impression, aka [[Quote mining]].
# Sayings that, however factual, fall outside the scope or even off the topic at hand. A [[law]]yer would say that such facts are "incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial"—because they do not serve to advance a [[logic]]al argument, are not properly related to the case at hand, and do not matter.
# Sayings that, however factual, fall outside the scope or even off the topic at hand. A [[law]]yer would say that such facts are "incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial"—because they do not serve to advance a [[logic]]al argument, are not properly related to the case at hand, and do not matter.
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=== Book: Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media ===
=== Book: Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media ===
[[File:Fauci Film.JPG|right|300px|thumb|The ''[[Fauci]]'' film was not well received. [[Rotten Tomatoes]] refused to allow critical reviews.<ref>https://youtu.be/OBbEV8qP4fo</ref>]]
[[File:Fauci Film.JPG|left|300px|thumb|The ''[[Fauci]]'' film was not well received. [[Rotten Tomatoes]] refused to allow critical reviews.<ref>https://youtu.be/OBbEV8qP4fo</ref>]]
''[[Manufacturing Consent]]: The Political Economy of the Mass Media'' is a 1988 book by Edward S. Herman and [[Noam Chomsky]]. The book advocates the position that the mass communication media of the United States "are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion", through propaganda and the censoring of dissenting viewpoints.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Herman|first1=Edward S.|last2=Chomsky|first2=Noam|title=Manufacturing Consent|publisher=Pantheon Books|location=New York|page=306}}</ref> The title refers to consent of the governed, and is derived from the phrase "the manufacture of consent" used by the American writer, reporter and political commentator [[Walter Lippmann]] in ''Public Opinion'' (1922).<ref>p. xi, ''Manufacturing Consent''. Also, p. 13, Noam Chomsky, ''Letters from Lexington: Reflections on Propaganda'', Paradigm Publishers 2004.</ref> The book was given the [[George Orwell|Orwell]] Award.
''[[Manufacturing Consent]]: The Political Economy of the Mass Media'' is a 1988 book by Edward S. Herman and [[Noam Chomsky]]. The book advocates the position that the mass communication media of the United States "are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion", through propaganda and the censoring of dissenting viewpoints.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Herman|first1=Edward S.|last2=Chomsky|first2=Noam|title=Manufacturing Consent|publisher=Pantheon Books|location=New York|page=306}}</ref> The title refers to consent of the governed, and is derived from the phrase "the manufacture of consent" used by the American writer, reporter and political commentator [[Walter Lippmann]] in ''Public Opinion'' (1922).<ref>p. xi, ''Manufacturing Consent''. Also, p. 13, Noam Chomsky, ''Letters from Lexington: Reflections on Propaganda'', Paradigm Publishers 2004.</ref> The book was given the [[George Orwell|Orwell]] Award.