Changes

A '''gay gene''' which causes [[homosexuality]] has not been identified, though strong evidence for its existence is provided by studies which have produced homosexual fruit flies (''Drosophila melanogaster'') with activation of the so-called "Fruitless Gene."<ref>Rutter, M. (2006). Genes and Behavior. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing</ref> Homosexuality is not "hard-wired" or inevitable in anybody, though there is strong scientific evidence that it is determined before the so-called "age of reason" in humans.<ref>Bailey, J.M., Dunne, M.P., Martin, N.G. (2000). Genetic and environmental influences on sexual orientation and its correlates in an Australian twin sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(3)

A '''gay gene''' which causes [[homosexuality]] has not been identified. Homosexuality is not "hard-wired" or inevitable in anybody.

</ref><ref>Gringas, P. and Chen, W. (2001). Mechanisms for difference in monozygous twins. Early Human Development, 64, (2), 105-117. </ref>

The American Psychological Association supports the view that sexual orientation is not a choice:

The American Psychological Association says:

"Many scientists share the view that [[sexual orientation]] is shaped for most people at an early age through complex interactions of biological, psychological and social factors." [http://www.narth.com/docs/istheregene.html]

"Many scientists share the view that [[sexual orientation]] is shaped for most people at an early age through complex interactions of biological, psychological and social factors." [http://www.narth.com/docs/istheregene.html]

==Work of the Human Genome Project==

==Work of the Human Genome Project==

*Dr. Collins succinctly reviewed the research on homosexuality and offers the following: "An area of particularly strong public interest is the genetic basis of homosexuality. Evidence from twin studies does in fact support the conclusion that heritable factors play a role in male homosexuality. However, the likelihood that the identical twin of a homosexual male will also be gay is about 20% (compared with 2-4 percent of males in the general population), indicating that sexual orientation is genetically influenced but not controlled by a single gene (perhaps being operated by a mechanism that controls dwarfism<ref>Series]," Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 50(3): 185. June 1999. PMID 99334125

*Dr. Collins succinctly reviewed the research on homosexuality and offers the following: "An area of particularly strong public interest is the genetic basis of homosexuality. Evidence from twin studies does in fact support the conclusion that heritable factors play a role in male homosexuality. However, the likelihood that the identical twin of a homosexual male will also be gay is about 20% (compared with 2-4 percent of males in the general population), indicating that sexual orientation is genetically influenced but not hardwired by DNA, and that whatever genes are involved represent predispositions, not predeterminations." [http://www.narth.com/docs/nothardwired.html]

Mueller, Robert F and Ian D. Young. Emery's Elements of Medical Genetics, 11th ed. (2001)</ref>), and that whatever genes are involved represent predispositions, not predeterminations." [http://www.narth.com/docs/nothardwired.html]

*Regarding the contributions of genetics to areas such as homosexuality, Dr. Collins concluded, "Yes, we have all been dealt a particular set of cards, and the cards will eventually be revealed. But how we play the hand is up to us."  [http://www.narth.com/docs/nothardwired.html]

*Regarding the contributions of genetics to areas such as homosexuality, Dr. Collins concluded, "Yes, we have all been dealt a particular set of cards, and the cards will eventually be revealed. But how we play the hand is up to us."  [http://www.narth.com/docs/nothardwired.html]