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| − | A '''functional group''' is any one of a number of specific combinations of [[molecule]]s within an [[atom]]. Used mainly in [[organic chemistry]], functional groups are a helpful way to determine the structure and function of a molecule, as functional groups act very similar no matter what molecule they are a part of. | + | A '''functional group''' is any one of a number of specific combinations of [[molecule]]s within an [[atom]]. Used mainly in [[organic chemistry]], functional groups are a helpful way to determine the structure and function of a molecule, as functional groups act very similar no matter what molecule they are a part of <ref name="mcmurry">McMurry, John. Organic Chemistry, 6e. Brooks/Cole: 2004.</ref>. |
A generic functional group is represented by the letter R in a [[chemical formula]]. For instance, CR<sub>4</sub> represents a carbon with four of the same functional group bonded to it. | A generic functional group is represented by the letter R in a [[chemical formula]]. For instance, CR<sub>4</sub> represents a carbon with four of the same functional group bonded to it. | ||
| − | Some functional groups are: | + | Some functional groups are<ref="Mcmurry" />: |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" | ||
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! Name !! Description !! Ending !! Simple Example) | ! Name !! Description !! Ending !! Simple Example) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |[[ | + | |[[Alkane]] || Carbon-carbon single bond || -''ane'' || [[Ethane]] (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |[[ | + | |[[Alkene]] || Carbon-carbon double bond || -''ene'' || Ethene (CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |[[ | + | |[[Alkyne]] || Carbon-carbon triple bond || -''yne'' || Ethyne (CHCH) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |[[Arene]] || | + | |[[Arene]] || Unsaturated six-carbon ring || none || Benzene (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |[[Halide]] || | + | |[[Halide]] || [[Covalent bond|covalantly bonded]] [[fluorine|F]], [[chlorine|Cl]], [[bromine|Br]] or [[iodine|I]] || none || Chloroethane (ClCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |[[Alcohol]] || Covalantly bonded -OH || || -''ol'' || Ethanol (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH) |
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[Ether]] || Oxygen bonded to two other carbons || ''ether'' || Diethyl ether (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[Amine]] || -NR<sub>2</sub> || -''amine'' || Ethylamine (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[Carboxylic acid]] || Carbon double bonded to O and bonded to -OH || -''oic acid'' || [[Acetic acid|Ethanoic acid]] (CH<sub>3</sub>COOH) | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 21:30, September 30, 2007
A functional group is any one of a number of specific combinations of molecules within an atom. Used mainly in organic chemistry, functional groups are a helpful way to determine the structure and function of a molecule, as functional groups act very similar no matter what molecule they are a part of [1].
A generic functional group is represented by the letter R in a chemical formula. For instance, CR4 represents a carbon with four of the same functional group bonded to it.
Some functional groups are<ref="Mcmurry" />:
| Name | Description | Ending | Simple Example) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkane | Carbon-carbon single bond | -ane | Ethane (CH3CH3) | |
| Alkene | Carbon-carbon double bond | -ene | Ethene (CH2CH2) | |
| Alkyne | Carbon-carbon triple bond | -yne | Ethyne (CHCH) | |
| Arene | Unsaturated six-carbon ring | none | Benzene (C6H6) | |
| Halide | covalantly bonded F, Cl, Br or I | none | Chloroethane (ClCH2CH3 | |
| Alcohol | Covalantly bonded -OH | -ol | Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) | |
| Ether | Oxygen bonded to two other carbons | ether | Diethyl ether (CH3CH2OCH2CH3 | |
| Amine | -NR2 | -amine | Ethylamine (CH3CH2NH2 | |
| Carboxylic acid | Carbon double bonded to O and bonded to -OH | -oic acid | Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) |
- ↑ McMurry, John. Organic Chemistry, 6e. Brooks/Cole: 2004.