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| − | In [[Buddhism]], '''The Noble Eightfold Path''' is declared to be the way that leads to the end of suffering, and [[nirvana]]. | + | In [[Buddhism]], the ''' Noble Eightfold Path''' is declared to be the way that leads to the end of suffering, and [[nirvana]]. |
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| | As the name indicates, there are eight elements in the Noble Eightfold Path, and these are divided into three basic categories<ref>In the [[Pali canon]], these three basic categories (Pali: ''khandha'') are identified by the [[Bhikkhuni]] Dhammadinna in the "Culavedalla Sutta" ([[Majjhima Nikaya|MN]] 44)[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.044.than.html] although in this sutta the categories are ordered: ''sīla'', ''samādhi'' and ''paññā''. These three basic categories are also similar to those articulated by the Buddha in his [[Threefold Training]], as recorded in the [[Anguttara Nikaya]]'s ''Sikkha Sutta'' ([[Anguttara Nikaya|AN]] 3:88[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.088.than.html] and AN 3:89[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.089.than.html]).</ref> as follows: | | As the name indicates, there are eight elements in the Noble Eightfold Path, and these are divided into three basic categories<ref>In the [[Pali canon]], these three basic categories (Pali: ''khandha'') are identified by the [[Bhikkhuni]] Dhammadinna in the "Culavedalla Sutta" ([[Majjhima Nikaya|MN]] 44)[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.044.than.html] although in this sutta the categories are ordered: ''sīla'', ''samādhi'' and ''paññā''. These three basic categories are also similar to those articulated by the Buddha in his [[Threefold Training]], as recorded in the [[Anguttara Nikaya]]'s ''Sikkha Sutta'' ([[Anguttara Nikaya|AN]] 3:88[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.088.than.html] and AN 3:89[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.089.than.html]).</ref> as follows: |
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| | <div class="references-small"> | | <div class="references-small"> |
| | *Wisdom (Sanskrit: ''[[prajñā]]'', Pāli: ''paññā'') | | *Wisdom (Sanskrit: ''[[prajñā]]'', Pāli: ''paññā'') |
| − | :'''1.''' Right view | + | :'''1.''' Right view (''samma ditthi'') – "Knowledge with regard to [the [[Four Noble Truths]]]"<ref>[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.22.0.than.html Maha-satipatthana Sutta (Digha Nikaya 22)]</ref> |
| − | :'''2.''' Right intention | + | :'''2.''' Right intention (''samma sankappo'') – "Being resolved on renunciation, on freedom from ill-will, on harmlessness"<ref>[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn45/sn45.008.than.html Magga-vibhanga Sutta (Samyutta Nikaya 45.8)]</ref> |
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| | *Ethical conduct (Sanskrit: ''[[sila|śīla]]'', Pāli: ''sīla'') | | *Ethical conduct (Sanskrit: ''[[sila|śīla]]'', Pāli: ''sīla'') |
| − | :'''3.''' Right speech | + | :'''3.''' Right speech (''samma vaca'') – "Abstaining from lying, from divisive speech, from abusive speech, & from idle chatter"<ref>Magga-vibhanga Sutta</ref> |
| − | :'''4.''' Right action | + | :'''4.''' Right action (''samma kammanto'') – "Abstaining from taking life, abstaining from stealing, abstaining from unchastity"<ref>Magga-vibhanga Sutta</ref> |
| − | :'''5.''' Right livelihood | + | :'''5.''' Right livelihood (''samma ajivo'') – Avoiding "[b]usiness in weapons, business in human beings, business in meat, business in intoxicants, and business in poison"<ref>[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an05/an05.177.than.html Vanijja Sutta (Anguttara Nikaya 5.177)]</ref> |
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| | *Mental discipline (Sanskrit and Pāli: ''[[samadhi|samādhi]]'') | | *Mental discipline (Sanskrit and Pāli: ''[[samadhi|samādhi]]'') |
| − | :'''6.''' Right effort | + | :'''6.''' Right effort (''samma vayamo'') – Undertaking to "abandon what is unskillful" and "develop what is skillful"<ref>[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an02/an02.019.than.html Kusala Sutta (Anguttara Nikaya 2.19]</ref> |
| − | :'''7.''' Right mindfulness | + | :'''7.''' Right mindfulness (''samma sati'') – Maintaining mental focus "on the body", "feelings", "the mind" and "mental qualities in & of themselves — ardent, alert, & mindful — putting aside greed & distress with reference to the world"<ref>Maha-satipatthana Sutta</ref> |
| − | :'''8.''' Right concentration | + | :'''8.''' Right concentration (''samma samadhi'') – Withdrawal "from unskillful (mental) qualities", leading to "the stilling of directed thoughts & evaluations", "the abandoning of pleasure & pain" and "purity of equanimity & mindfulness"<ref>Magga-vibhanga Sutta</ref> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
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