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What led to Mongolia's eclipse from the world stage was, ironically, a question of succession.  Genghis Khan died unexpectedly, and his generals were summoned back to the (then) capital Kharkhorum (now a ghost town in Mongolia) to choose a new "khan," meaning king.  For reasons not entirely clear, the Mongols never re-gained their dominant power, and Mongolia entered a centuries-long period of decline, becoming what was essentially a backwater dominated by Siberian nomadic rulers and Chinese dynastic officials.   

What led to Mongolia's eclipse from the world stage was, ironically, a question of succession.  Genghis Khan died unexpectedly, and his generals were summoned back to the (then) capital Kharkhorum (now a ghost town in Mongolia) to choose a new "khan," meaning king.  For reasons not entirely clear, the Mongols never re-gained their dominant power, and Mongolia entered a centuries-long period of decline, becoming what was essentially a backwater dominated by Siberian nomadic rulers and Chinese dynastic officials.   

In 1911, a native Mongolian uprising occurred, successfully overthrowing Chinese domination, and attempting to create a free Mongolian state.  The naiscent Mongolian state was in turn overthrown by the world's second (after Russia) communist revolution in 1921, led by Sukhe Bator (1894-1923).  The 1921 revolution installed a communist government which ruled from 1921 until the communist government was overthrown in 1990.  In the years after 1990, Mongolia became a multi-party democracy, which -- in contrast to the almost previous 70 years -- actively sought ties with western countries, especially the US.

In 1911, a native Mongolian uprising occurred, successfully overthrowing Chinese domination, and attempting to create a free Mongolian state.  The nascent Mongolian state was in turn overthrown by the world's second (after Russia) communist revolution in 1921, led by Sukhe Bator (1894-1923).  The 1921 revolution installed a communist government which ruled from 1921 until the communist government was overthrown in 1990.  In the years after 1990, Mongolia became a multi-party democracy, which -- in contrast to the almost previous 70 years -- actively sought ties with western countries, especially the US.

 

Today Mongolia is an economic superpower due to it's monopoly on the world carbon 13 market. It is a little known fact that carbon 13 is a vital component to the textile industry, and is only found in the Mongolian carbon mines. Carbon 13 is kept very secret form the public due to it's radioactive properties, although it undergoes refining to remove the redioactivity before it is used. Mongolian carbon 13 exports earn on average $US865 billion per year, making carbon 13 the most profitable export, second only to petroleum products and crude oil.